Я не знаю надо ли описывать эти проблемы, но в лекциях тани есть эти описания.
20. The linguistic and non-linguistic factors studied by phonostylistics .
Первое предложение взято из Соколовой, его не убирать)
Phonostylistics came into existence as an attempt to start bridging the gap between linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in analyzing stylistic differentiation of oral texts.
The situational circumstances of speaking or extra linguistic situation can be roughly governed by the following factors:
1) the purpose;
It is the most important factor that guides the communication, determines the setting and the choice of the participant. It also directs the activities of the participants and the choice of the subject matter. What is also important to consider is the speakers attitude to the situation or to what he is saying or hearing. The things he is talking about may please him or not, so the subjective or attitudinal & of oral speech becomes a very important characteristic feature.
As for the subject matter or the topic within the activity type should also be specified. So it’s both the activity type and the purpose of communication that can condition the functional variant of pronunciation.
2) participants
Primarily speech peculiarities should depend on the participants themselves, who could be classified into individuals, having their own peculiarities of speech, constituting their own dialects and individuals as members of a significant social grouping, thus representing a kind of dialect. The matter is considered as highly controversial, because one and the same person can function differently or variously: as a father, as a proff man, as a friend, as a colleague…
Age is associated with a role structure in the family and in social groups, with an assignment of authority and status, with different levels of competence.
The speech behavior of a person not only conveys informayion about his or her age but also about the listener or the receiver of the verbal message, thus all people speak and are spoken to in a different way than young people.
3)scene/ setting (time+place)
This component has several factors:
-physical orientations of the participants (the distance between people, proximics studies it)
Setting can be also described in the following terms: public/ private, formal/ informal, monoloquing/ poliloguing, dialoguing, impersonal/ personal, polite/ casual, high cultured/ low cultured
These peculiarities should become the subject of phonetic analysis.