3. The Sakhalin region includes more island in its territory, so it forms a large peninsula.
4. There are many industrial resources on the territory, so we can call Sakhalin one of the most
prosperous region of the USSR.
IX . Перескажите текст.
The Perfect Tenses, (совершенное время)
выражает завершенное действие, когда результат действия налицо.
То have + Participle II
Participle II - причастия прошедшего времени to
begin-began -
begun
to work-worked -
worked
She has gone for a walk.
Она пошла погулять.
She hasn't gone for a wolk.
Has she gone for a walk?
Where has she gone?
Who has gone for a wolk? - She has.
Для разговорной речи характерно употребление сокращенных форм вспомогательного глагола to have в утвердительных и отрицательных предложениях I've; we've; they've:; he's; she's; it's; haven't; hadn't
Pres . Perfect Tense употребляются для выражения действия или явления, имевшего место до момента речи и каким-то образом связанного с моментом речи, имеющего для него актуальное значение. Точное время действия не указывается.
We've done our homework & can go for a walk now. - Мы выполнили домашнее задание и сейчас можем пойти погулять.
Pres. Perfect - всегда связан с настоящим моментом и указывает завершенное действие. Pres. Perfect может употребляться без указания времени совершения действия, исходя из ситуации (имеет значение только сам результат выполнения действия, а время, когда действие было выполнение, не имеет значения). I have seen this film. (I can discuss it with you now)
Pres. Perfect не употребляется в вопросительных предложениях, начинающихся с наречия When, поскольку в данном случае должно быть указано точное время совершения действия.
When did the geograph class start? It began an hour ago. When did you see him? I saw him yesterday.
Pres. Perfect чаще всего переводится на русский язык глаголом совершенного вида в прошедшем
времени.
Pres.Perfect часто используется с: ever, never, just, already, yet, lately, recently.
This morning/evening, to day, this week (year) for, since.This (it) is the first time.
Pres.Perfect не употребляется:
Что вы сказали? - What did you say?
Я не слышал вашего вопроса.-1 did not hear your question.
Я забыл.-1 forgot. г*
Теперь я понял. - Now I understand.
Где вы купили эту книгу? - Where did you buy the book?
I Exercise. Составьте предложения, используя таблицу, и переведите их.
| I | invited them | ||
| You | Have | just | returned from Rostov |
| We | already | Told him about that | |
| They | Has | never | Met Mr. Smith |
| she | answered his letter | ||
| arrived |
II Exercise . Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму и задайте все возможные
вопросы:
1.Peter has just gone for a walk. 2.My parents have returned from Moscow this week. 3.Jane has typed a lot of letters today. 4.These girls have bought the new French textbook today. 5.The boy has read this book this month. 6.My younger sister has just gone to bed. 7.She has seen her dean today. 8. We have already discussed his point of view on this problem.
III Exercise . Составьте предложения из данных слов, используя Pies. Perfect Tense.
1 .Father /get /a new job / in South Africa. 2.He & mother / leave / for Cape Town. 3.Marry / marry / an architect / from Canada. 4.1 / pass / my / law / exams. 5.1 / meet / the man in the street.
The Past Perfect Tense. To have + Participle II
(had)
Past Perfect употребляется для выражения прошедшего действия, которое совершалось до определенного момента в прошлом.
1
Past Perfect Past indefinite
| < |
when I called him. by 5'o clock yesterday.
- When he came to the station the train had already gone.
Past Perfect не употребляется для выражения последовательности действий. В этом случае употребляется Past Indefinite.
- Не got up, went to the bathroom, had breakfast & left for work.
Past Perfect употребляются со следующими сигналами времени: by (5'о clock yesterday ....) By that time he had already signed the letters. Другое (более позднее по времени) прошедшее действие, которое выражается глаголом в Past Indefinite.
Не knew that the Arsenal had won the game.
Past Present может употребляться и в том случае, когда время, до которого совершается действие, не указанно в самом предложении, а определяется контекстом. My friend left for Moscow yesterday. He had never been there before. Hardly, Scarcely
+ Past Perfect when + Past Indefinite. Nearly, Barely No sooner + Past Perfect then + Past Indefinite.
- He had hardly done it when they came.
(Hardly had he done it when they came.)
- No sooner they had arrived than it started to rain.
(No sooner had they arrived than it started to rain.)
I Exercise. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Обращайте внимание на употребление Past Perfect.
1. By that time they had settled the matter. 2. She had finished the book by last Wednesday & gave it back to Jane. 3. After he had walked round the city for two hours he was awfully tired. 4. They had attended the Festival of Song before they left for Odessa. 5. He went for a walk after he had finished the translation. 6. After the manager had received all the visitors he dictated a few letters. 7. He knew that the Browns had gone to Scotland by car. 8.1 heard that Peter had not gone out, I wanted him to help me.
II Exercise. Закончите предложения, используя глаголы в скобках. ,
1. His parents didn't live there any longer. They ... (go) tcflive in the country. 2. His sister wasn't there either. She ... (get) married. 3. His house was larger. He (build) the third storey. 4. Your friends, Mike & Brendan, were away. They ... (leave) for Sweden. 5. The little boy couldn't wait to get to the sea. He ... (see) before. 6. His hair was wet. He... (have) a shower.