Функции причастий в предложении
Причастие настоящего времени может употребляться в предложении в следующих функциях:
1. Именной части сказуемого:
I looked at the bookshelf: one book was missing.
2. Определения:
Women from 111 countries and belonging to 132 national organisations took part in the meeting in Prague in 1986.
3. Обстоятельств (обычно в форме причастного оборота):
a) обстоятельства времени:
Coming to the stadium they found the game in full swing.
Be careful while crossing the street.
b) обстоятельства образа действия или сравнения:
“No,” he answered shaking his head.
Talking and laughing the students ran out of the building.
с) обстоятельства причины:
Knowing English well he was able to read this magazine.
Being well-prepared he answered readily.
Having plenty of time I didn’t hurry.
В сочетании с формами вспомогательного глагола to be причастие настоящего времени образует формы продолженных времен:
In a large, hot, richly furnished drawing room two women were sitting.
В сочетании с формами вспомогательного глагола to be причастие прошедшего времени образует формы страдательного залога:
The flat of Hercule Poirot was furnished in a modern style.
В сочетании с формами вспомогательного глагола to have причастие прошедшего времени образует формы совершенных времен:
Europe has twice last century been the scene of a destructive war that has spread to global proportion.
Перфектное причастие употребляется в предложении в функции обстоятельств:
Having done the question-and-answer exercises, the students began to write a composition.
Exercise 1. Соотнесите причастия с существительными. Обратите внимание на употребление артиклей. Переведите словосочетания.
| A | В |
| 1) dancing | a) paper |
| 2) reading | b) partner |
| 3) boiling | c) machine |
| 4) hiding | d) camps |
| 5) writing | e) job |
| 6) crying | f) baby |
| 7) chewing | g) water |
| 8) washing | h) glasses |
| 9) searching | i) question |
| 10) demanding | j) gum |
| 11) training | k) place |
Exercise 2. Соотнесите причастия с существительными. Обратите внимание на употребление артиклей. Переведите словосочетания.
| A | В |
| 1) spoilt | a) door |
| 2) worn out | b) eyes |
| 3) given | c) test |
| 4) locked | d) people |
| 5) written | e) child |
| 6) made-up | f) house |
| 7) educated | g) clothes |
| 8) published | h) jeans |
| 9) broken | i) hair |
| 10) haunted | j) information |
| 11) torn | k) articles |
| 12) dyed | 1) marriage |
Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в форму Participle I или Participle II.
1. (grow) interest 12. a (complicate) explanation
2. an (excite) child 13. a (terrify) experiment
3. (worry) problem 14. (well-pay) job
4. a (pass) bus 15. a (burn) barn
5. an (excite) story 16. a (steal) car
6. (fly) fish 17. (run) water
7. a (freeze) lake 18. (blind) light
8. a (break) heart 19. a (die) soldier
9. a (cheer) crowd 20. a (swim) lesson
10. a (destroy) church 21. long (play) records
11. the (follow) chapter
Exercise 4 . Выберите между Participle I и Participle II.
1. I must have the mixer (fixing / fixed). 2. I don’t find this story (amusing / amused). 3. My room is a mess. I really must get it (tidying / tidied) up. 4. I would stay at home after such a (tiring / tired) day. 5. Uncle Frank has a gentle old horse (naming / named) Pete on his farm. 6. Can you smell something (burning / burned)? 7. He opened the letter with (shaking / shaken) fingers. 8. She had rather a (pleasing / pleased) look on her face. 9. Deeply (shocking / shocked) I left them. 10. When (answering / answered) your question yesterday I forgot this fact. 11. He walked along the road with his collar (turning / turned) up, hands in pockets. 12. I didn’t enjoy the party because I was (boring / bored) there. 13. Why not throw away the (breaking / broken) umbrella we are not likely to repair it. 14. She didn’t pay any attention to the (ringing / rung) telephone. 15. Don’t you think your hair needs (cutting / cut)? 16. Can you think of the name of an animal (beginning / begun) with “B”?
Exercise 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите форму и функцию причастий.
1. Smiling girls are nice. 2. Bought in a good shop, the jacket was nice. 3. Being in the room, I could listen to the discussion. 4. We could see a broken cup on the table. 5. If corrected the information may be of some interest. 6. The girl sitting at the table is my cousin. 7. Taking part in the competition, I shall be able to win the prize. 8. I like boiled potatoes. 9. They had conflicting reports. 10. Playing football, I broke my leg.
Exercise 6. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите форму и функцию причастий.
1. The work will be good, if done properly. 2. I made acquaintance with her dancing in the hall. 3. We saw a house built two hundred years ago. 4. All the students taking part in the competition were from our academy. 5. A present is dearer if given in time. 6. Going along the street, I met my friend. 7. I like the dancing girl. 8. The book bought for me by my friend was not interesting. 9. Doing the work, I got tired. 10. The invited boys were too noisy.
Exercise 7. Перестройте предложения согласно образцу. Выполните перевод.
Example: I finished the dusting, and then I sat down and listened to some
music. – Having finished the dusting, I sat down and listened to
some music.
1. I did all the homework, and then I went out for a walk with my friends. 2. Joan locked all the doors, and then she went to bed. 3. He had a shower, and then he had a light breakfast. 4. My father broke all this bad news, and then he sank down to his chair and put his face on his arms. 5. She made a decision to break off with Greg, and then she felt better. 6. They passed all their exams, and then they arranged a party.
Exercise 8 . Перестройте предложения согласно образцу.
Example: I felt ill at ease because I didn't know the answer.
– Not knowing the answer, I felt ill at ease.
1. I returned the book to the library because I had finished it. 2. Because he was a language student, he was naturally interested in linguistics. 3. As I don't like classical music, I didn't go to the concert. 4. Because he is a child of a very prominent businessman, he is too arrogant and selfish. 5. Because they had gone to bed so late the night before, they felt quite tired the next day. 6. As he knew that he wouldn't be able to buy food on his journey, he took large supplies with him.