The professor told us many interesting things. –
We were told many interesting things by the professor.
Many interesting things were told us by the professor.
Когда глагол в действительном залоге принимает предложное дополнение, оно может стать подлежащим предложения с глаголом в страдательном залоге, причем предлог ставится после глагола:
People speak much about this film. – This film is much spoken about.
Иногда вместо глагола to be для обозначения незапланированных действий, которые происходят с кем-то или с чем-то, может употребляться глагол to get :
There was a storm but nobody got hurt (= was hurt).
Один и тот же глагол в английском языке может быть переходным или непереходным в зависимости от своего значения. Так, например, глагол to grow в значении расти является непереходным и не имеет форм страдательного залога, а в значении выращивать он является переходным и может употребляться в страдательном залоге. Сравните:
Corn grows very fast (непереходное значение, действительный залог).
My mother grows many useful plants at home. (переходное значение, действительный залог). – Many useful plants are grown at home. (переходное значение, страдательный залог).
Exercise 1. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Example: Не was sent to New York. –
Was he sent to New York? He was not sent to New York.
1) The first prize was won by John.
2) Our exercises are corrected each night by the teacher.
3) The mail is delivered at ten o'clock.
4) The construction of the bridge will be finished this year.
5) The contract will be signed tomorrow.
6) His report was listened to with great interest.
7) The film is much spoken about.
8) All the letters are looked through by the secretary.
9) All these books were published by this publishing house.
Exercise 2. Поставьте глаголы в указанное время Passive Voice .
1. A young person of between 13 and 19 years old (to call) teenager. (Present Indefinite) 2. Look at these men. I think they (to follow). (Present Progressive) 3. The students (to offer) a very wide range of opportunities for spare time activities. (Present Indefinite) 4. The play (to call) “Twelfth Night” and (to write) by William Shakespeare. (Past Indefinite) 5. Washington’s birthday (to observe) as a public holiday in most American states. (Present Indefinite) 6. Visitors (to ask) to keep the woods clean. Litter-baskets (to place) under the trees. (Present Perfect) 7. Anyone who leaves litter in the woods (to prosecute). (Future Indefinite) 8. Franklin D. Roosevelt (to elect) four times (1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944), the only man to serve so long a term. (Past Perfect) 9. The car (to wash) for two hours yesterday. (Past Progressive) 10. This effect (to use) by engineers to raise labour productivity at factories. (Present Perfect)