Exercise 48. Выберите глагол в Present Perfect Progressive.
1. How long have you learnt /been learning the piano?
2. Look! I have bought/ been buying a coat.
3. It has rained / been raining since Tuesday.
4. John has broken / been breaking his leg.
5. He hasn't told / been telling me his address.
6. How long have we driven / been driving now?
7. Have you ever read / been reading this book?
8. Hello! I've waited / been waiting for you for hours!
9. How long have you played / been playing tennis?
10. We've lived / been living in London since January.
11. They've lived / been living in London all their lives.
12. My father has worked / been working here for 47 years.
13. I've worked / been working here for two weeks.
Exercise 49. Закончите предложения, используя глаголы в Present Perfect Progressive . Выполните перевод.
1. I’m tired. I (to play) tennis all afternoon. 2. The Smiths (to live) in Stratford for nearly three years now. 3. It’s time to do your homework. You (to watch) television since 10 o’clock! 4. A friend of mine (to learn) English for nearly four years, but she still doesn’t speak it very well. 5. It (to rain) all day. 6. Greg speaks French like a native. He (to learn) French since childhood. 7. They are nervous and angry. They (to wait) for a bus for over an hour. 8. We can’t drive a car today because of a snowstorm. It (to snow) since morning. 9. My feet are killing me. I (to do) the shopping all day. 10. Martin has bought a new computer. He (to save up) money for three years.
Exercise 50. Исправьте ошибки, если это необходимо.
1. All his friends have leave him.
2. You had a letter from your parents, haven't you?
3. We've had a lot of work for last month.
4. Look at Mike! He grew a beard!
5. It's already 10 o'clock and they didn't phone yet.
6. I've left my shopping bag on the train.
7. I can't remember when I've had this watch.
8. An elephant live in India and Africa.
Exercise 51. Закончите предложения, используя Present Perfect Progressive. Сделайте полученные предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.
1. George looks very tired. I think he (to work) too hard. 2. Kevin and Angela (to talk) to each other for more than a week. 3. There’s no need to apologise. We (to wait) here for ten minutes. 4. Unfortunately, I can play the piano as well as I used to. I (to practise) it for over five years. 5. I know Moscow well. I (to live) here for very long. 6. She (to read) a fascinating novel since 6 a.m. 7. I (to think) it over all night. 8. The Lloyds (to live) here for a long time. 9. Fred (to read) the paper since 5 o’clock. 10. Emma (to play) chess almost all her life.
Past Perfect
Существует и такое время в английском языке. Рассмотрите ситуацию:
Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party too but they didn't see each other. Paul went home at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o'clock. So: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul wasn't there. He had gone home.
Had gone – это и есть Past Perfect. Образуется он при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в прошедшем времени had и 3-ей формы глагола, т.е. если глагол правильный, мы добавляем стандартное окончание -(e)d, если же он неправильный – открываем таблицу неправильных глаголов и смотрим 3-й столбик ( P ast P articiple).
I / we / you / they
he / she / it had gone / seen / finished
Употребляется Past Perfect преимущественно для того, чтобы показать, что какое-то действие произошло раньше другого действия. Обязательно должна быть некоторая точка для сравнения, будь то указание времени или другое действие, например:
When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat.
Karen didn't want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film.
At first I thought I'd done the right thing, but soon I realised that I'd made a serious mistake.
The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn't flown before.
Если вы хорошо усвоили Present Perfect, то c Past Perfect у вас не должно возникнуть никаких проблем. Разница в том, что в Present Perfect законченое действие показано относительно точки во времени, которое условно можно назвать сейчас (now), а в Past Perfect все действия смещаются в прошлое. Эта точка будет уже другим действием или указанием времени. Сравните примеры:
Present Perfect:
Who is that woman? I've never seen her before.
We aren't hungry. We've just had lunch.
The house is dirty. They haven't cleaned it for weeks.
Past Perfect :
I didn't know who she was. I'd never seen her before.
We weren't hungry. We'd just had lunch.
The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks.
Exercise 52 . Раскройте скобки, используя глаголы в Past Perfect. Переведите.
1. John (to go out) when I arrived in the office. 2. I (to save) my document before the computer crashed. 3. When they arrived we … already (to start) cooking. 4. He was very tired because he (not to sleep) well. 5. The train … just (to leave) when I arrived at the station. 6. She … just (to leave) the room when the police arrived. 7. I … just (to put) the washing out when it started to rain. 8. When he arrived at the theatre, the play (already to start). 9. As soon as they (to go), I went straight to bed. 10. I suddenly remembered that I (to forget) my keys. 11. When I came to the post office, it (already to close). 12. When Polly went back to the shop, they (to sell) the book she wanted.
Exercise 53. Закончите предложения, используя Past Perfect или Past Simple .
1. When Daniel (to come) in, we all (to know) where he (to be). 2. Hardly anyone (to come) to the party because Sue (to forget) to send the invitations. 3. Marco (to feel) very nervous when he first drove in Britain because he (not to drive) on the left before. 4. They waited until everyone (to be) ready and then they (to start) the meeting. 5. – (to arrive) you at the cinema in time for the film last night? – No, we (to be) late. By the time we (to get) there, it (already to begin). 6. I (to go) to Helen’s room and (to knock) at the door. There (to be) no answer. Either she (to go) out or she (not to want) to see anyone.
Exercise 54. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в Past Perfect. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам. Выполните перевод.
1. When Scott arrived at the South Pole he realized that Amundsen (already to be) there. 2. Leo (to work) as a clerk before he started his own business. 3. Diana (never to be) to a jazz concert before, because she wasn’t keen on jazz music. 4. Bob (to know) his girlfriend for a year, before he asked her to marry him. 5. We (always to enjoy) entertainment programmes. 6. In London we (to stay) with our relatives till we found a suitable hotel. 7. I (never to see) Spielberg’s films before.
Exercise 55. Опровергните следующие предложения. Выполните их перевод.
1. They’d eaten everything by the time I arrived.
2. I wanted to introduce them but they’d known each other.
3. She was angry because she hadn’t caught the bus.
4. The class had started when I arrived.
5. The guests had left before she got home.
6. It was a film that we’d heard of.
Exercise 56. Задайте общие вопросы к следующим предложениям и дайте на них краткие ответы.
1. Before we had finished our meal, he ordered us back to work.
2. The sun hadn’t risen before they decided to set off.
3. Before we went home, we had finished our work.
4. Ted’s father had advised him not to get married till he was 35.
5. She hadn’t done all the shopping when she suddenly felt sick.
6. He had spoken to the boss before he decided to leave.
7. Before we had supper, the children had gone to bed.
8. After our car had broken down a third time, we decided to sell it.