Present Simple ( Indefinite ) Tense
Рассмотрите такую ситуацию:
Alex is a bus driver. But now he is asleep in bed.
So: He is not driving a bus (he is asleep).
But: He drives a bus.
Это и есть Present Simple. Вот как это время образуется:
I
We he
you drive she drives
they it
Мы используем Present Simple, когда речь идет о действии, которое происходит вообще, не обязательно в данный момент, если оно происходит постоянно, или повторяется. Нам не важно, происходит ли действие в момент речи:
The earth goes round the sun . (действие происходит постоянно)
Nurses look after patients in hospitals. (вообще)
In Britain most of the shops close at 5.30 p.m. (повторяющееся)
Не забывайте к глаголам после подлежащего в 3-ем л. ед.ч. добавлять ( e ) s: I work in a bank. Barry works in a shop.
Мы используем do / does, чтобы сформировать вопрос и отрицание:
Question (вопрос) Negative (отрицание)
I I
we we
Do you you don’t
they they
work? work.
he he
Does she she doesn’t
It it
Excuse me, do you speak English?
– "Would you like a cigarette?" – "No, thanks. I don’t smoke."
– What does this word mean?
– Rice doesn’t grow in Britain.
Мы используем Present Simple, когда говорим, как часто что-то происходит (с наречиями частотности):
I get up at 8 o’clock every morning. How often do you go to the dentist?
Ann doesn’t often drink tea.
In summer Tom usually plays tennis twice a week.
Exercise 1. Ответьте на вопросы в парах.
1. When do you usually get up on week-days? / at week-ends?
2. What's the first thing you do in the morning?
3. When do you have breakfast?
4. What kind of breakfast do you usually have?
5. Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast?
6. How do you get to the institute?
7. How long does it usually take you?
8. When do your classes start?
9. When do you have your lunch break?
10. How long does it last?
11. Where do you have lunch?
12. When is your working day over?
13. What do you like doing in the evenings?
14. When do you do your homework?
15. What time do you go to bed?
16. What do you like doing in your spare time?
17. What don't you like doing at all?
18. Do you like playing sport? If so, what kind of sport is it?
19. Do you like reading? If so, what kind of books do you like reading?
20. How often do you read newspapers or magazines?
21. Do you go out on Friday evenings? Where do you usually go out?
22. Do you like staying at home? What do you do then?
23. What do you do at weekends?
24. How often do you go to the cinema/to the theatre?
25. How often do you go to parties?
Exercise 2. Переведите предложения с русского на английский в Present Simple.
Мой дядя инженер. Он очень занят. Его рабочий день начинается рано утром. Он встает в семь часов. Он умывается, одевается и завтракает. После завтрака он идет на работу. Он работает в институте. Он любит свою работу. Он женат. Его жена врач. Она работает в больнице. Вечером она изучает французский язык. Она посещает курсы французского языка. Мой дядя не говорит по-французски. Он говорит по-русски и по-немецки. Он изучает английский язык. Вечером он посещает курсы английского языка. Сын моего дяди ученик. Он ходит в школу. В школе он изучает английский язык.
Exercise 3. Поставьте глаголы в Present Simple.
Examples: Water ...boils... (boil) at 100 degrees centigrade.
George ......doesn’t go...... (not / go) to the cinema very often.
How many languages do you.....speak.....? (you / speak)
1. The swimming pool (open) at 9.00 and (close) at 18.30 every day.
2. What time (the bank / close) in Britain?
3. I have a car but I (not / use) it very often.
4. How many cigarettes (you / smoke) a day?
5. – "What (you / do)?" – "I am an electrical engineer."
6. "Where (your father / come) from?"
7. "He (come) from Scotland."
8. If you need money, why (you / not / get) a job?
9. I (play) the piano, but I (not / play) very well.
10. I don’t understand the word "deceive". What ("deceive" / mean)?
Exercise 4. Ответьте в парах на вопросы, используя слова в скобках в Present Simple.
1. What does the puppy drink? (water)
2. What do the kittens drink? (milk)
3. What does the white bear eat? (fish)
4. What does the man drink? (tea)
5. What do the boys drink? (juice)
6. What does the hen eat? (corn)
7. What does the woman drink? (coffee)
8. What do the tigers eat? (meat)
9. What does the rabbit eat? (carrot)
10. What do you eat? (chocolate)
Present Continuous Tense
Образец:
Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work.
She is driving to work.
Это означает, что она едет именно сейчас, в момент разговора. Это и есть настоящее продолженное время глагола.
Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и добавления к смысловому глаголу окончания - ing:
I am
he, she, it is driving
we, you, they are
1) Мы используем Present Continuous, когда говорим о действии, которое происходит в момент речи, например:
Please don ’ t make so much noise, I’m studying. (not "I study")
– "Where’s Margaret?" – "She’s having a bath" (not "she has")
2) Мы также используем Present Continuous, описывая действие, которое происходит сейчас, но не в момент разговора, т.е. действие началось, но не закончилось. Оно как бы находится в прогрессе, именно поэтому его иногда называют Present Progressive, например:
I’m reading an interesting book at the moment . (не обязательно сейчас, главное, что начал и не закончил читать)
Now I’m studying English. (то же самое)
3) Present Continuous часто используется с каким-то периодом времени, в который входит настоящее, например: (сегодня, в этом месяце, в этом году):
Tom isn’t playing football this season. You’re working hard today.
4) Present Continuous используется, чтобы выразить изменяющуюся ситуацию, например:
The population of the world is rising very fast. (not "rises")
Is your English getting better? (not "does ....get")
Exercise 5. Составьте предложения в Present Continuous.
1. Look! A man ___ in the lake. (swim)
2. Hurry up! The bus ___. (come)
3. Greg's in the kitchen. He ___ the dinner. (cook)
4. Look at Sue! What a beautiful dress she ___ today! (wear)
5. Sue and Joe ___ a cake for tea. (make)
6. "Be careful! You ___ on the broken chair." (sit)
7. The weather is awful. It ___. (rain)
8. You ___ too fast. (walk)
Exercise 6 . Напишите предложения в Present Continuous. Составьте утвердительные и отрицательные предложения.
Example: I / have lunch. – I'm (not) having lunch at the moment.
1. It / snow heavily.
2. I / listen to the music.
3. I / look/at my watch.
4. The sun / shine.
5. We / take exercises.
6. My classmates / sit on the sofa.
7. My friends and me / study at the moment.
Exercise 7 . Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous. Переведите предложения.
1. He’s in the bathroom. I (to think) he (to wash) his hair. 2. – Can I speak to your parents, please? – I’m sorry. They (to have) lunch at the moment. 3. I usually (to cook) meals, and my brother (to wash) dishes. 4. Mr. Anderson (to be) an English tourist who (to travel) to Eastern Europe tomorrow. Just now he (to have) breakfast at home. After breakfast he (to go out) to do a lot of things. 5. She’s a school teacher. She (to teach) maths. 6. I (to wear) glasses only for reading and watching TV. 7. On Sundays they (to have) dinner at a restaurant. 8. Oh, I (to go) to work as a nurse in Africa, in Kenya, and I (to look) forward to it because it’s such an exotic country for me. 9. Some students are outside. They (to try) to get in.
10. The weather (to be) terrible today. 11. You can’t miss him. He (to wear) a white jacket, and he (to carry) a striped umbrella. 12. We (to wear) woolen clothes in winter. 13. We (to organise) a holiday walking tour in the North of Scotland. We (to go) to cover 150 miles of mountainous country in ten days. It (to go) to be a hard work. We (to go) to be wet, cold and tired a lot of the time. But it (to go) to be fun! 14. It (to rain) again.