Building – Construction
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| house [haus] (pl. houses]) building sky-scraper, multistoried building высотное здание castle] дворец country-house загородный дом, дача, поместье cottage коттедж dwelling жилище, дом boarding-house пансион bungalow [] одноэтажный дом с верандой rest house дом отдыха slums трущобы mansion [], private residence особняк palace [] дворец apartment комната (амер. квартира) flat квартира service flat коммунальная квартира a block of houses жилищный массив lodging жилище | wooden деревянный brick кирпичный stone каменный two-storey(ed) двухэтажный multi-storeyed многоэтажный corner угловой detached [] отдельно стоящий prefabricated стандартный roomy, spacious [] просторный, вместительный log бревенчатый temporary временный permanent постоянный tenement снимаемый public общественный |
| to be built in a residential area to have X storeys to be built by the Motor Works to be situated (located) within 5 minutes from to want (need) repairing нуждается в ремонте to be decorated with to face the garden, the river… to front (give on, overlook) the street выходить на to be altered, renovated to be pulled down быть снесенным to erect a building возводить to feel at home чувствовать себя как дома to keep house вести хозяйство to help about the house помогать по хозяйству to move into a house переехать to rent a house снимать дом to let a house сдавать внаем to settle in a house поселиться to have a housewarming справлять новоселье to find a house to let | parts of a house roof (pl. roofs) крыша flat плоская pointed, gabled остроконечная thatched соломенная tile из черепицы leaky дающая течь slated шиферная foundation фундамент, основание to be laid chimney [3±wmnw] труба, дымоход to be swept of soot очищенная от сажи |
| floor пол , этаж brick кирпичный parquet [3pa:kew] паркетный polished натертый wooden tesselated (tile) кафельный to be washed to be swept подметенный to be polished to be painted red, brown… окрашенный в красный … цвет to be scrubbed | ceiling [ 3 si:l w † ] потолок high/low whitewashed побеленный to be painted white to be whitewashed wall стена back задняя bare голая brick main капитальная stone wooden cracked треснувшая a crack in the wall трещина в стене to adorn the walls украшать to paper the walls оклеить стены обоями to paint the walls покрасить |
| door дверь a door handle дверная ручка a doorway пролет двери in the doorway в дверях back door черный ход ajar полуотворена front (entrance) парадный ход side боковая swing открывающаяся в любую сторону | to bang (slam) the door хлопнуть дверью to answer the door открыть дверь на звонок, стук… to close the door закрывать to go by the door выйти через дверь to knock at the door постучать в дверь to lock the door запирать to open the door открывать to shut the door закрывать to thrust the door open распахнуть дверь to unlock the door отпереть to be painted black… to cross the threshold [3›re•ould] перешагнуть через порог to turn the door handle |
| window окно window-frame оконная рама window-pane оконное стекло window-sash оконный переплет window-sill подоконник window-pot цветочный горшок blind штора curtain занавеска shutters ставни bay окно-фонарь French створное окно, доходящее до пола clean/dirty sash подъемное окно | to clean the windows to close the window to fling (throw) the window распахнуть окно to glaze a window застеклить to look out of the window выглянуть to face (front, look out on, overlook) the garden to command a magnificent view of the seashore из окна открывается вид на… to draw (pull) the curtain задернуть занавеску to pull the curtains aside раздвинуть to curtain the window занавесить to lift the curtain поднять |
| staircase [ 3 st e c ke w s](stairs) лестница downstairs вниз по лестнице upstairs вверх по лестнице step ступенька stairwell лестничная клетка back (service) черная front (principal) парадная winding [3wawndw†] (spiral) винтовая to go downstairs to go upstairs to run the stairs two steps at a time balcony балкон attic, garret [3gFrct] мансарда, чердак dome купол arch арка cellar погреб basement подвал, фундамент veranda | flat квартира room комната bathroom ванная bedroom спальня dining-room столовая drawing-room гостиная sitting-room, parlour [5pa:lc] гостиная hall прихожая kitchen кухня lavatory [3lFvctcrw], water-closet уборная library библиотека living-room комната, служащая как гостиной так и столовой lumber-room чулан nursery детская pantry (larder) кладовая passage (corridor) коридор study кабинет |
| adjoining, adjacent примыкающая cosy [3kcuzw] уютная furnished меблированная single комната для одного человека spacious, roomy просторная tidy, orderly опрятная untidy, disorderly грязная self-contained/shared one/two-room good-sized/bad-sized separate/connecting leading into another room well/badly furnished poorly furnished elaborately furnished изысканно обставленная meagerly [3mi:gclw] (barely) furnished скудно обставленная simply furnished | to air the room проветривать to advertise for a room давать объявление о найме комнаты to decorate (redecorate) the room отделывать to do (tidy up) a room приводить в порядок to put everything in order to dust a room вытирать пыль в комнате to furnish a room обставить to heat a room отапливать to occupy a room занимать to paper a room оклеивать обоями to rent a room снимать to smell of mice, stale air.. to sweep a room подметать to have the total space of X square metres to have all modern conveniences иметь все современные удобства |
| accommodations (conveniences) удобства modern necessary with every convenience to have all modern conveniences | electricity электричество electric meter счетчик electric cooker электрическая плита to install (put) electricity in a house проводить электричество to take the readings of the meter снимать показания счетчика to switch on the light включить to switch off the light выключить |
| gas gas ring gas stove [stouv] газовая плита oven [3žvn] духовка to put (turn) on the gas to put (turn) off the gas | heating отопление central heating центральное отопление heating system система отопления radiator [3rewdwewtc] батарея refuse-chute, rubbish-chute [•u:t] мусоропровод |
| telephone telephone directory телефонная книга telephone number to answer the telephone подойти к телефону to speak on (over) the telephone разговаривать по телефону to make a telephone call | water-line водопровод constant hot water постоянная горячая вода running water наличие водопровода в доме water supply водоснабжение wireless relay system радиосеть lift (elevator) лифт |
| furniture [ 3 f c :n w ± c ] мебель carved резная period стильная leather кожаная mahogany [mc3h]gcnw] из красного дерева walnut ореховое дерево oak дуб a set, suite [swi:t] of furniture гарнитур style of furniture a piece of furniture предмет мебели | arm-chair (easy-chair) кресло upholstered [žp3hculsted] обитое cane chair плетеное to sit in an arm-chair to settle smb in an arm-chair to settle down in an arm-chair chair back of a chair спинка стула leg of a chair ножка revolving вращающийся to take a chair to offer a chair to give up one’s chair to smb уступить |
| bed bedding постельные принадлежности pillow подушка pillow-case наволочка blanket одеяло blanket cover пододеяльник bed-spread покрывало double-bed двуспальная folding bed складная single bed одноместная crib детская кровать to get out of bed to lie in bed to go to bed ложиться спать to make a bed стлать постель утром to do a bed стлать перед сном to punch a pillow to smooth a pillow | cabinet шкаф built-in встроенный kitchen кухонный medicine аптечка storage для продуктов to hang up a cabinet bookcase книжный шкаф bookstand этажерка для книг cupboard буфет, сервант wardrobe [3w]:droub] платяной шкаф wardrobe with a long glass зеркальный what-not этажерка для безделушек knick-knacks безделушки desk письменный стол writing-desk divan-bed [dw5vFn] тахта drawer [dr]:] выдвижной ящик |
| glass, mirror [3mwrc] зеркало pier-glass [pwc] трюмо hallstand вешалка в передней hatstand вешалка для шляп rack вешалка | piano settee [se3ti:] маленький диван shelf полка adjustable подвижная bathroom glass стеклянная bookshelf книжная |
| sofa [ 3 souf c ] диван leather кожаный upholstered sofa cushion диванная подушка couch [kau±] кушетка | |
| table bedside ночной, тумбочка dining обеденный folding складной kitchen lamp под лампу pullout раздвижной round square to lay the table накрывать на стол | carpet ковер door-mat половик rug мохнатый коврик rubber mat резиновый felt войлочный soft мягкий colourful цветной woolen из шерсти to spread the carpet on the floor расстилать ковер to shake out the carpet вытряхивать to wipe one’s feet on the door-mat |
| premises and outhouses прилегающая к дому территория summer-house беседка yard двор fence забор garden сад garden plot участок земли под сад gate ворота flower-bed клумба fountain [3fauntwn] фонтан garage [3gFra:¥] гараж grounds (park) парк hedge живая изгородь hot-house теплица kennel конура kitchen garden огород lawn [l]:n] лужайка orchard фруктовый сад pond пруд shed сарай barn амбар stable конюшня overgrown заросший high/low old/young neglected запущенный | to be painted green to be looked after to be neglected to be nearby поблизости to be far from the house to lay out a flower-bed, a grass plot разбить клумбу to grow (grew, grown) a garden to overgrow a garden to neglect a garden to keep (kept, kept) smth in the shed to have a nice playground near one’s house to keep (put) one’s car in the garage to work in the garden as a hobby to garden all day long to open the garden gate to store things (tools, wood, coal) in the shed to shelter animals in the shed to look after fruit-trees to plant fruit-trees in the garden to grow vegetables in the kitchen-garden |
Notes
Shed – Barn
shed: a shelter for storing goods or keeping cattle
e.g. Bring an armful of wood out of the shed
barn: a farm building for storing hay, straw, grain…
e.g. The grain is in the barn.
House – Home
house: a building made for people to live in.
e.g. I want to rent a house.
home: the place or house where one lives; also one’s birthplace or native land; the family, domestic life.
e.g. Men make houses, but women make homes.
He was born in England, but he looks upon Paris as his home.
Building – Construction
building: a house or other structure with a roof and walls.
e.g. Houses, schools and factories are all buildings.
construction: the process of building or anything built.
e.g. The new house is still under construction.
The new building is a very solid construction.
Blind – Curtain
blind: something to keep out light; a screen for windows.
e.g. The two large windows were covered with the blinds always drawn down.
curtain: a sheet of cloth or other material hung up as a covering at a window.
e.g. Please pull the curtains over the window.
Stove – Oven – Range
stove: an enclosed fire used for cooking or heating.
e.g. Put the potatoes on the stove in the kitchen.
oven: a box used for baking.
e.g. Put the cake in the oven to bake.
range: a special fire-place used for cooking.
e.g. We have a gas range with two burners.
Cupboard – Sideboard – Dresser – Cabinet
cupboard: a piece of furniture with shelves and doors in front of them used for storing things.
e.g. I keep the dishes in the cupboard.
sideboard: a piece of furniture usually with drawers and cupboards placed against the wall of a dining room.
e.g. Have you chairs and a sideboard to go with this set of furniture?
dresser: (= sideboard) a piece of furniture with cupboards below and shelves above, and drawers in the middle.
e.g. There stood a big kitchen dresser filled with crockery and china of all sorts.
cabinet: a small box; a piece of furniture with glass windows to contain objects of interest.
e.g. She keeps her best dishes in that cabinet.
Carpet – Mat – Rug
carpet: a thick, heavy kind of cloth usually with patterns used for covering floors and stairs.
e.g. The carpets and wallpaper match well.
mat: a flat piece of straw (rubber, metal…) used for covering a floor, wiping the shoes on.
rug: a floor-mat of thick material especially for one part of the room.
e.g. There is a rug on the floor beside your bed.
Yard – Court
yard: an enclosed or partly enclosed space near or round a house for various purposes, as a cattle-yard, school-yard…
e.g. Does this house have a yard for the children to play in?
court: a space with walls or buildings all round; a short, narrow street open only at one end.
e.g. Our apartment does not face the street, it faces the court.
Floor – Storey
floor: the word shows inside subdivisions of a building.
storey: the word means outside subdivisions of a building.
Proverbs and Sayings
East or West, home is best.
There is no place like home.
A new broom sweeps clean.
To get out of bed on the wrong side.
A man without a home is a bird without a nest.
Stage A
Approaching the Topic
Read, intone and learn by heart the two texts below: