3. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания из текста.
1. to create legislation
2. a law-making body
3. to have special powers
4. a dismissal of the Chairman
5. to bring a charge against the President
6. to adopt decrees on issues
7. to vote on draft laws
8. introduction of the law
9. approval of changes
10. to require
11. to reject a bill
12. to consider
13. to make amendments in bills
14. a chamber
15. to override the veto
16. conciliation commission
4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским словам и словосочетаниям.
1. законодательная деятельность
2. законодательный орган
3. нижняя палата
4. верхняя палата
5. перечислять
6. постановление, указ
7. принимать закон
8. военный
9. одобрять
10. выборы
11. прийти к компромиссу
12. вето
13. назначение (на должность)
14. вносить поправки
15. разделение властей
5. Заполните пропуски словами и словосочетаниями в рамке.
| 1.bring charges against 2. elects 3. draft laws 4. the lower house 5. vetoed 6. issues 7. approve or reject 8. to override a presidential veto 9. the upper house 10. appoint or dismiss 11. appointment |
- The 628-member law-making body, termed the Federal Assembly, consists of two chambers, the 450-member State Duma (_______________) and the 178-member Federation Council (___________).
- The State Duma confirms the _______________ of the prime minister, although it does not have the power to confirm Government ministers.
- The two chambers of the legislature also have the power _________________________ of legislation.
- Upon the advice of the prime minister, the president can ___________________ Government members, including the deputy prime ministers.
- Under the 1993 constitution, if the president commits "grave crimes" or treason, the State Duma may _______________________ him with the parliament's upper house, the Federation Council.
- Several bills that the President had ____________ were taken up again by the new legislature.
- The Federation Council deals primarily with such ___________ as internal borders and decrees of the president establishing martial law or states of emergency etc.
- All _________________, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma.
- According to the 1993 constitution, the State Duma must decide within one week to ________________ a candidate once the president has placed that person's name in nomination.
- Each legislative chamber _____________ a chairman to control the internal procedures of the chamber.
1. Ознакомиться со словами к тексту Law-making procedure in the USA
1.
law-making body / legislature– законодательный орган
the House of Representatives – палата представителей
2.
to introduce a bill – представить законопроект
a constituent – субъект
3.
to consider a bill – рассмотреть законопроект
to accept a bill – принять законопроект
to amend a bill – внести поправки в законопроект
to reject a bill – отклонить законопроект
to move a bill forward – продвигать законопроект
4.
bill under consideration – рассматриваемый законопроект
to approve amendments – одобрить поправки
5.
to sign a bill into a law – утвердить закон, подписать законопроект и сделать его законом
to override a veto – преодолеть вето
2. Прочитайте и переведите текст .
Law-making procedure in the USA
The Congress of the United States is the highest lawmaking body in the United States and one of the oldest national legislatures in the world. The U.S. Congress consists of two houses—the Senate and the House of Representatives. A member of the Senate is referred to as a senator, and a member of the House of Representatives is called a representative or congressman or congresswoman.
The general process for making a bill into a law is described in the Constitution.
The first step in the legislative process is the introduction of a bill to the Congress. Bills originate from several different sources: from individual members of the Congress, from a member of a constituent or a group of constituents, from one or more state legislatures, or the President or his administration, but only members of the Congress can introduce legislation.
After being introduced, a bill is referred to the appropriate committee for review. There are 17 Senate committees, with 70 subcommittees, and 23 House committees, with 104 subcommittees. A bill is first considered in a subcommittee, where it may be accepted, amended, or rejected. If the members of the subcommittee agree to move a bill forward, it is reported to the full committee, where the process is repeated again. If the full committee votes to approve the bill, it is reported to the House or the Senate.
When the bill comes up for consideration, the House has a very structured debate process. Each member who wishes to speak only has a few minutes, and the number and kind of amendments are usually limited. In the Senate, debate on most bills is unlimited — Senators may speak to issues other than the bill under consideration during their speeches, and any amendment can be introduced. A bill must pass both houses of the Congress before it goes to the President for consideration. Once debate has ended and any amendments to the bill have been approved, the full membership will vote for or against the bill.
The bill is then sent to the President. When receiving a bill from the Congress, the President has several options. If the President agrees with the bill, he or she may sign it into law. If the President disagrees with the bill, he may veto it and send it back to the Congress. The Congress may override the veto with a two-thirds vote of each chamber, at which point the bill becomes law and is printed.
2. Выразите согласие/несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя ту или иную речевую модель.