4. Potassium is usually retained in chronic renal failure and requires dietary restriction.
Материалы разработали доц. Алиев Л.Л., доц. Анисимова Л.В., проф. Фомочкина И.И., доц. Чегодарь Д . В .
True/False
1. Complications of urinary obstruction include a reduction in glomerular filtration rate.
2. A neurogenic bladder is a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an
interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder.
3. Two clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome include decreased glomerular permeability and increased proximal tubule reabsorption.
4. Potassium is usually retained in chronic renal failure and requires dietary restriction.
5. Nutrition management is essential for a patient with chronic renal failure.
Multiple Choice
1. Uremia is LEAST LIKELY to produce
a. bone "cysts"
b. jaundice
c. neuropathy
d. pancreatitis
e. pericarditis
2. A patient is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein. The most probable diagnosis is:
a. cystitis
b. chronic pyelonephritis
c. glomerulonephritis
d. nephrotic syndrome
3. _____________ is an immune mechanism that commonly contributes to glomerulonephritis.
a. deposition of circulating soluble antigen-antibody complexes into the glomeruli
b. formation of antibodies against the glomerular basement membrane
c. a and b
d. none of the above
4. The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome is primarily related to:
a. an injured glomerular filtration membrane
b. loss of plasma proteins
c. loss of albumin and several immunoglobulins
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c
5. Hypovolemia may cause which of the following types of acute renal failures?
a. prerenal
b. intrarenal
c. postrenal
d. transrenal
6. ______ may cause prerenal acute renal failure.
a. hypotension
b. hypovolemia
c. cardiac insufficiency
d. any of the above
7. Which of the following statements concerning chronic renal failure is NOT true?
a. plasma creatinine level increases
b. sodium excretion increases
c. alkalosis develops
d. potassium is retained
8. Creatinine is constantly released from ______ tissue and excreted primarily by glomerular filtration.
a. nervous
b. epithelial
c. muscle
d. liver
9. Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:
a. blood loss via the urine
b. renal insensitivity to vitamin D
c. inadequate production of erythropoietin
d. inadequate retention of serum iron
10. A patient on dialysis may need supplemental water soluble vitamins because:
a. most are no longer activated by the kidney
b. most are lost from the dysfunctional kidney
c. most are lost in the dialysate
d. none of the above
11. Anemia of renal failure can be successfully treated with:
a. intrinsic factor
b. vitamin B
c. recombinant human erythropoietin
d. iron
12. The pathophysiologic consequences of urinary tract obstruction are related to:
a. location of the obstruction
b. unilateral or bilateral involvement
c. partial or complete obstruction
d. acute or chronic obstruction
e. all of the above
13. ______ normally acts to prevent urinary tract infections.
a. perfect, unobstructed flow of urine
b. low pH of urine
c. bactericidal effect of urea
d. the ureterovesical junction closes during micturition
e. all of the above
14. Which of the following is NOT a cause of pyelonephritis?
a. pregnancy
b. glomerulonephritis
c. kidney stones
d. neurogenic bladder
15. The most common type of renal stone is:
a. magnesium
b. struvite
c. calcium
d. phosphate
16. Faddists who consume a great deal of vitamin C can expect to have urinary sediments containing:
a. calcium oxalate crystals
b. cystine crystals
c. red cell casts
d. white cell casts
e. uric acid crystals