8. Он показал мне список товаров, экспортируемых этой фирмой.
9. Он лежал на диване и читал книгу.
10. Подумав, что она сказала это в шутку, я рассмеялся.
Ill
1. Проработав целый день на солнце, я чувствовал себя очень усталым.
2. Приехав в гостиницу, он обнаружил телеграмму, ожидавшую его здесь.
3. Они стояли и громко разговаривали.
4. Опаздывая на переговоры, они ушли до окончания вечера.
5. Сочинения, которые пишут современные дети, очень отличаются от тех, которые писали дети 20-х годов.
6. Она показала мне письмо, написанное в 1941 году.
7. Я купил книгу, содержащую сведения о системе образования в США.
8. Услышав шаги, он поднял голову.
9. Моя бабушка, рассказавшая мне эту сказку, живет в городе.
10. Купив билеты, он поспешил на платформу.
IV
1. Сказав это, он вышел из комнаты.
2. Полученные вчера известия произвели на всех большое впечатление.
3. Я не мог переодеться, так как оставил свои вещи на вокзале.
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4. Не зная причины ее отсутствия, я решил позвонить ей.
5. Плачущая девочка была голодна.
6. Сказка, рассказанная мамой, испугала (scare) ребенка.
7. Будучи занят, он не сразу услышал меня.
8. Прочитав много книг Диккенса, он хорошо знал этого писателя.
9. Бабушка смотрела на детей, играющих во дворе.
10. Как вам нравится книга, которую сейчас обсуждают?
V
1. Ученые, принимавшие участие в этой экспедиции, были награждены нашим правительством.
2. Потеряв ключ, я не смог войти в комнату.
3. Лежа на диване, он смотрел телевизор.
4. Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остановился.
5. Поздоровавшись со всеми, он вошел в свой кабинет.
6. Будучи ребенком, он не смог понять, что случилось.
7. В доме, который строится на площади, будет большой магазин.
8. Очень интересно читать сочинения, написанные детьми.
9. Повернув налево, мы увидели большое белое здание.
10. Я показал ему список книг (list), прочитанных в прошлом году.
SOME CONFUSED OR CONFUSING ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR
1. SOME PREPOSITIONS CONFUSED
Prepositions as a class of words, are used to show how things are related in space or in time; they express many abstract relations and serve to connect the words in a sentence. Many prepositions are polysemantic, and some prepositions express similar meanings. We shall only deal here with a number of prepositions that are often confused with one another.
AT, BY AND WITH
At indicates general location: He is staying at his grandmother's. By has two meanings: (1) a) by means of - We travelled by bus;
b) method (how we do smth) - The boy broke the window by
throwing a stone at it.
(2) next to - Stand by your brother.
With indicates (1) accompaniment: Come with me.
(2) instrument (what we use): The boy broke the window with his ball.
NOTE the difference between by and with in passive sentences:
□ The window was broken by a boy. (Who did the action?)
□ The window was broken with a stone. (How was the action done?)
NB! When by is an adverb, it is not followed by a noun/pronoun. It functions as an adverbial modifier of place: It's bound to be a comfort to him to know that you are standing by.
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. (A, B) Select the proper preposition from the two in brackets.
1. Why don't you stay (with/by) us for the night? 2.You will have to stay (by/with) the baby while I go to the store. 3. You had better stay (at/by) your Aunt's until we send for you. 4. "Oh, he can sleep (by/with) me if there is no extra bed", said Jack. 5.1 always travel to the States (by/with) Boeings. 6. Wait for me (at/by) the station/at the Information Desk. 7. If he goes (by/with) the six o'clock train, he can get there in an hour. 8. "If you come (with/by) the lake steamer," he wrote, "it will take you twelve hours." 9. For six hours we stayed (by/ at) his house, waiting for the storm to cease. 10. For about an hour we waited (by/at) his house for him. 11. His brother always stood (with/by) him when he did something dangerous. 12. He got everything he wanted (by/with) hard work. 13. He got everything he wanted (by/ with) flowers and chocolates.
BETWEEN AND AMONG
Use between for two people or things. Use among for more than two.
E.g.: The car was wedged between two trees. They could not even agree among themselves.
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NB!
1. Between is also used when the speaker sees the surrounding objects separately, there are not very many of them, and each one is clearly distinct from the others: Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.
2. Words like divide and share are followed by between when we use several singular nouns: He shared his property between his wife, his daughter and his sister. I divide my time between teaching, writing and gardening.
EXERCISES_____________________________________________________________
Ex. 2. (A, B) Select the proper preposition.
1 The fleeing animal was soon lost (between/among) the trees. 2. The three disconsolate hikers couldn't raise a tenner* (between/among) them. 3. "May misunderstanding never come (among/between) us", said the bride to her husband. 4. (Between/Among) the Indians on the one hand, and starvation on the other, the early settlers had the bad time of it. 5. (Among/Between) all the days of the week, I like Saturday best.
IN AND INTO
In, the preposition, is used only when no change from outside to inside is meant. Into must
be used when an area or a substance is penetrated.
E.g. Forbidden to leave the premises, he spent his time walking in his garden. He walked
right into the room without knocking.
NB! When the area/substance is not mentioned, we use the adverb in: Walk right in!
EXERCISES
Ex. 3. (A, B) Select the proper word from the two in brackets.
1 .Most people cannot refrain from dropping something (in/into) a blind man's cup. 2. He drove the nail (in/into) the wall as high as he could reach. 3. Someone carelessly dropped a lighted cigarette(in/into) a pile of rubbish. 4. He thrust a pipe (in/into) his mouth and began to fill it. 5. After searching all over the house, they found him walking (in/into) the garden. 6. Something soft and slippery fell (in/into) her lap. 7. He drove from France (in/into) Italy. 8. How did he get (in/into)? 9.1 divided the loaf (in/into) five parts. 10. "Let me (in/into)," he cried, and forced the door by main strength.