3. 4 russian Equivalents of participles used as adverbial modifiers
| Russian | English | Examples |
| читая , когда читаю , когда читал прочитав , когда прочитал , потому что прочитал (раньше)** | (when/while) reading having read | □ (While) reading this book I always remember my own childhood. □ (When) reading this book I wrote out a number of useful expressions. □ Having read this book I learnt a lot. □ Having read this book I can tell you my opinion of it. |
NOTES:
* When translating Russian participles ending in - вший we use Present Participle (reading) only if the action expressed by the participle is simultaneous with that of the finite verb. If it is prior to that named by the finite verb, we use a clause.
COMPARE :
□ Я подошел к молодому человеку, □ Все толкали молодого человека,
стоявшему у двери. вставшего у двери вагона.
I came up to the young man Everyone pushed the young man who
standing at the door. had placed himself at the car door.
** Present Participle being (from to be) is not used in adverbial modifiers of time, we use "while-phrase" or a clause instead.
□ Будучи в Москве, я посетил Кремль.
While in Moscow (= while I was in Moscow) I visited Kremlin.
□ Будучи мальчиком, я любил играть в футбол.
When a boy (= when I was a boy) I liked to play football.
NB! being is used in adverbial modifiers of cause.
□ Being tired (= as he was tired) he went home at once.
Будучи усталым (= так как он устал), он сразу же пошел домой.
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. ( А , В ) Translate the sentences from English into Russian, paying special attention to the function of the Participle in the sentence.
I
1. The boy playing in the garden is my sister's son. 2. You can get the recommended book in the library. 3. He asked her to go on with her story, promising not to interrupt her again. 4. Receiving no letters from her father, she called him. 5. He left the office at three o'clock, saying he would be back at five. 6. She stood leaning against the wall. 7. He lay on the sofa reading a newspaper. 8. Seeing her he raised his hat. 9. Having signed the letter the manager asked the secretary to send it off at once. 10. Informed of the arrival of the ship, they sent a car to the port. 11. Having lived in that town all his life, he knew it very well. 12. Having arranged everything, he went home on the 10.30 train. 13. Having been well prepared for the interview, he could answer all the questions. 14. Being checked with great care, the report didn't contain any errors. 15. These machines will be sent to the plant being constructed in this region. 16. Having been advised by the doctor to go to the south, she decided to spend her leave in Sochi. 17. Being told of his arrival, I went to see him. 18. Having been three times seriously wounded, he was no longer fit for active service.
II
1. A person bringing good news is always welcome. 2. While skating yesterday, he fell and hurt himself. 3. She showed the travellers into the room reserved for them. 4. When writing an essay we must use new words and phrases. 5. The leaves lying on the ground reminded us of autumn. 6. Books read in childhood seem like old friends. 7. The answer received from her greatly surprised us. 8. There are many wonderful books describing the life of people in the North. 9. Being a great book-lover, he spent a lot of money on books. 10. The figures mentioned in his article were published in the Izvestia. 11. Receiving the telegram, he rang the manager up.
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Ex. 2. Translate the following participles.
I. (A)
покупающий, покупая, купленный, покупаемый получающий, получая, полученный, получаемый переводящий, переводя, переведенный, переводимый
I. написанный; 2. принесенный; 3. давая; 4. разговаривающий; 5. спрошенный; 6. отвечая;
7. читаемый; 8. рассказанный; 9. издаваемый; 10. работающий; 11. читая;
12. открывающий; 13. берущий; 14. потерянный; 15. сделанный; 16. стоя; 17. идущий;
18. входя; 19. смотрящий; 20. построенный; 21. видя.
II. (В)
1. разбитая чашка; 2 проигранная игра; 3. разорванный конверт; 4. проигравшая команда; 5. проигрывающая команда; 6. кипяченая вода; 7. кипящая вода; 8. забытый метод; 9. человек, забывший (раньше); 10. лающая собака; 11. испытанный метод; 12. жареная рыба; 13. жарящаяся рыба; 14. вспрыгнувший на стол кот; 15- прыгающая собака; 16. украденная тема; 17. смеющийся голос; 18. смеявшаяся девушка;
19. выбранная тема; 20. печеный картофель; 21. потерянный шанс; 22. найденное
решение; 23. выигравший спортсмен; 24. написанное письмо.
Ex. 3. (А, В) Open the brackets using the correct form of the Participle. Do not mix these:
interesting films interested spectators
exciting games excited children
boring lessons bored students
burning fires burnt woods
sinking ships sunk ships
1. A crowd of (excite) people were watching the firemen trying to save the (burn) building.
2. "During my vacation I came across several extremely (interest) books," said he. "Which ones?" she asked in an (interest) voice. 3. Why do you look so (worry)? - I've had a number of (worry) telephone calls lately. 4.1 don't know what was in the (burn) letter, I didn't read it.
5. Nothing can save the (sink) ship now, all we can do is to try and save the passengers.
6. It was an (excite) incident. No wonder she spoke about it in an (excite) voice. 7. After hearing the (frighten) tale, the (frighten) children wouldn't go to sleep. 8. The doctor did his best to convince her that there was nothing seriously wrong with the boy, but the (worry) mother wouldn't calm down.
Ex. 4. (B) Paraphrase the sentences using participles instead of italicised clauses.
Model: When the shop assistant discovered that he had a talent for music, he gave up his job to become a professional singer.
Discovering that he had a talent for music, the shop assistant gave up his job to become a professional singer.
As he had witnessed the crime, he was expected to give evidence in court. Having witnessed the crime, he was expected to give evidence in court.
1. When the editor learned that his newspaper had been taken over by another publisher, he resigned from his position.