2. Participle I Passive (being read) is very seldom used as an attribute.
3. The Past Participle (Participle II) can be an adverbial modifier when it is used with the conjunctions when, while, as if/as though, though, unless, if.
□ When told to come in he seemed to change his mind. Когда его попросили войти, он, казалось, передумал.
□ She continued staring at the screen as if fascinated.
Она продолжала смотреть на экран, как будто завороженная.
4. The verbs catch, spot, find, discover and smell are not followed by an infinitive. All may be
followed by an object and a Present Participle (Participle I).
О The teacher caught the pupil cheating.
□ The search party found (spotted, discovered) the climbers clinging to a rock face.
О Не smelt the meat cooking.
The verbs spot, find and discover may be followed by an object + Past Participle:
□ The police found the money hidden in a disused garage.
5. The verbs leave and keep (someone in a certain situation or condition) share some of the
characteristics of find and discover. They can be followed by an object + Present or
Past Participle:
О Не left me sitting in the restaurant alone.
О Не kept me waiting.
О Не left his bicycle propped against a wall.
□ He kept the dog chained up.
6. If the actions named by the Participle and by the predicate closely follow each other, the
Indefinite Participle is used instead of the Perfect Participle.
□ Seeing me he smiled happily.
Увидев меня, он счастливо улыбнулся .
7. When we mention two consecutive actions one of them may be named by the Indefinite
Participle.
□ He looked at me smiling.
Он посмотрел на меня и улыбнулся .
□ Seing that it was getting cold we went home.
Мы увидели , что становится холодно, и пошли домой.
3.3 RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS OF PARTICIPLES USED AS ATTRIBUTES
ACTIVE
| Russian | English | Examples |
| 1. читающий , | READING | □ Look at this reading boy! He is only five. |
| который | ||
| читает | ||
| 2. читавший *, | READING | □ We looked at the reading boy. He had a nice voice. |
| который | ||
| читал (тогда) |
329
| 3. прочитавший , который прочитал (раньше) 4. который будет читать | who HAD READ who WILL READ (is going to...) | □ The boy who had read the poem now was taking part in the discussion. □ We've never heard of the actor who will read the poems. |
PASSIVE
| 1. применяющиеся , при- | USED | □ These are the methods used |
| меняемые , которые | for metal treatment. | |
| применяются (обычно) | ||
| 2. применявшиеся , кото- | USED | □ There were several methods used |
| рые применялись | before the invention. | |
| (раньше) | ||
| 3. примененные , которые | USED | □ This is the method used in the first |
| были применены | experiment. | |
| (тогда) | ||
| 4. применяемые , которые | BEING | □ What do you think of the method |
| применяются (в момент | USED | being used? |
| речи) | ||
| 5. которые будут приме- | to BE USED | □ The methods to be used in our new |
| няться | (the Infinitive) | project are quite modern. |
| (в будущем) |