□ Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to read.
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□ Having written the letter, he went to the post-office.
□ Having been written long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read.
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3.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PARTICIPLE IN A SENTENCE
SENTENCE WORD ORDER
|
|
|
|
Adverbial Modifier
+
+
Predicate
+
+
Adverbial Modifier
♦ - attribute
The Participle has two syntactic functions:
| An Attribute | An Adverbial Modifier | |
| building | □ The young men building our | □ Не made his living building |
| house with me are my brothers. | summer houses or garages | |
| Молодые люди, которые стро- | for people. | |
| ят наш дом вместе со мной, - | Он зарабатывал на жизнь, | |
| мои братья. | строя людям беседки и гаражи. | |
| being built | □ The white stone house being | П Being built with great skill |
| built near the park is a new | and care, the mansion has | |
| building of our Art museum. | been used by the family for | |
| Белокаменное сооружение, | centuries. | |
| строящееся у парка, - новое | Так как особняк был постро- | |
| здание нашего музея изобра- | ен ( будучи построенным ) | |
| зительных искусств. | очень искусно, он служит семье уже несколько веков. | |
| built | □ They are reconstructing the | О If built of the local stone, the |
| house built in the 18th century. | road will serve for years. | |
| Они реставрируют здание, | Если построить дорогу из | |
| построенное в XVIII веке. | этого местного камня, она будет служить долгие годы. | |
| having built | □ Having built the house, he began building a greenhouse. Построив дом , он принялся за оранжерею. | |
| having been | - | О Having been built of concrete, |
| built | the house was always cold in winter. Так как дом был построен из бетона, в нем всегда было холодно зимой. |
NOTES:
1. In some cases Participle I Active in the function of an attribute is rendered in Russuan by a clause.
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□ He came back and stood on the steps leading down to the street.
Он вернулся и стоял на лестнице, которая вела на улицу .