The Infinitive + Subject + Predicate

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П To read a lot is to know much.

Много читать - много знать.

□ To read the book I went to the library.

Чтобы прочесть эту книгу, я отправился в биб­лиотеку.

3. An adverbial modifier of result with too (слишком) and enough (достаточно)

4. The Infinitive as an attribute

□ He was too busy to see anyone.

□ She was clever enough to admit it.,

□ I had no time to visit the museum yet.

У меня еще не было времени осмотреть этот музей.

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NOTES:

1. The passive infinitive is seldom used in the attributive function. That is why we
say "it is a book to read" and not "to be read".

Exceptions: There is nothing to be done and nothing to do; there is something to be seen, to be said and something to see, to say.

2. The attributive infinitive besides naming an action may express a meaning corresponding
to the Russian надо , можно , следует :

D It's the only thing to do.

Это единственное, что можно и нужно сделать.

□ Не is not the man to do it.

Он не тот, кто мог бы это сделать.

□ It's a book to read and remember.
Такую книгу надо прочесть и запомнить.

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3. The attributive passive infinitive may have a future meaning: □ The houses to be built here will be of the same type.

Дома, которые должны быть/будут построены здесь, будут иметь такую же конструкцию.

MEMORIZE THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS:

Ему трудно угодить.

У нее привлекательная внешность.

Мне надо вам кое-что сказать.

Этим ничего не достигнешь.

Ничего не поделаешь.

Надо многое сделать.

Дом сдается внаем.

Кто виноват?

Непременно приходите.

Единственное, что остается - это ждать.

EXERCISES_________________________

Ex. 1. (А, В) State the form and function of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. To go on with this discussion is to waste time. 2. Oh, I'm sorry to have taken so much of your time. 3. It all sounds too good to be true. 4. We assembled to discuss and arrange our plans. 5. Now, the first thing to settle is what to take with us. 6. He was the first to raise the question. 7. A celebration such as this was a chance not to be missed. 8. Look back to make sure you haven't left anything behind. 9. She was the last to realize how dangerous it was. 10. You're a bachelor with no family to take care of. 11.1 didn't come here to be shouted at. 12. He came here to speak to me, not to you. 13. To meet the demands for goods, new shops have been opened in the town. 14. The plan will be discussed at the meeting to be held on May 25.

Ex. 2. (C) Translate the sentences into Russian and state the functions of the Infinitive.

1. Surely it is not at all necessary to go into details. 2. I rose to receive my guests.

3. Passing by a radio-shop he suddenly remembered to buy some tape for his recorder.

4. At the sight of the man I felt an impulse to laugh. 5. Her first action was to visit the establishment of a famous dressmaker. 6. He was too astonished to speak. 7. The best thing Lanny could do was to get out of here. 8. He was careful not to allude to the subject. 9. It's an awkward thing to say. 10. The horse was quiet to ride. 11. He must have been very tired to come and fall asleep like that. 12. And suddenly he hated Crum. Who the devil was Crum, to say that?

Ex. 3. (C). Translate, giving the Russian equivalents of the Infinitive as an attribute.

1. The desire to write was stirring in Martin once more. 2. He had a good deal to say about India. 3. The relief from that long waiting, the feeling of nothing to worry about, was so delicious. 4. The first person to enter was Mrs Evans, her face white, her dark frightened eyes avoiding his. 5. He looked at the shelves of books to be read. 6. He received a note to

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say that he was expected at the family dinner. 7. Andrew was the third to go in for the interview. 8. You have health and much to live for.

Ex. 4. (A, B) Replace the group of words in bold type by an infinitive.

Model: She was the first lady who left. She was the first (lady) to leave. 1. The manager was the last who left the shop. 2.1 was astonished when I heard that he had left his native town. 3. There was no place where he could sit. 4. I can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear. 5. He was the first man who swam the Channel. 6. He was the only one who realized the danger.

Ex. 5. (A, B) Combine each of the following parts of sentences into one sentence using an infinitive.

Model: They sent me to University, they wanted me to study law.

They sent me to University to study law. 1.1 am buying bread. I want to feed the bird. 2. He opened the door. He intended to go out. 3. He rushed into the burning house. He wanted to save the child. 4. He rang the bell. He wanted to tell us that the dinner was ready. 5. The farmer shot the rifle. He wanted to frighten the birds. 6. He sent his children to his sister's house. He wanted them to watch the television programme. 7. I am saving up. I want to buy a car. 8. I keep my hens in a field surrounded by wire netting. I want to protect them against the-foxes.

Ex. 6. (A, B) Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using "enough" with the Infinitive.

Model: He is clever. He can answer the question.

He is clever enough to answer the question. 1. He wasn't strong. He couldn't support the man. 2. It isn't very hot. We can't lie in the sun. 3. The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake. 4.1 am quite old. I could be your father.

5. You aren't very old. You can't understand these things. 6. He was very curious. He
opened the letter. 7. You are quite thin. You can wear this dress.

Ex. 7. (A, B) Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using "too" with the Infinitive.

Model: He is very ill. He can't work today.

He is too ill to work today. 1. It is very hot. We can't run. 2.1 am rather old. I can't wear this dress. 3. He was nervous. He couldn't speak. 4.1 was terrified. I couldn't move. 5. It is very cold. We can't have a swim.

6. He was very snobbish. He wouldn't talk to any of us. 7. It was very dark. We couldn't go
out into the garden. 8. It was rather cloudy. We couldn't see the eclipse properly.

Ex. 8. (A, B) Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using "so as/in order" with the Infinitive.

Model: He took off his boots. He didn't want to make any noise.

He took off his boots so as/in order not to make any noise.

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1. He was playing very softly. He didn't want to disturb anyone. 2.1 sent him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his progress with his headmaster. 3.1 am learning Greek. I wish to read Homer. 4. He sent his children to their aunt's house. He wanted to have some peace. 5. He read only for short periods each day. He didn't want to strain his eyes. 6. They got up very early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise. 7. We must keep our gloves on. We don't want toget frostbitten.

Ex. 9. (A, B) Use the correct form of the Infinitive in brackets.

1.1 hope (to see) you soon. 2. We expect (to be) back in two days. 3. He expected (to help) by his friends. 4.1 am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 5.1 am sorry (to break) my pen. 6.1 hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 7. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about... 8. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 9. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. 10. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 11. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 12. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom.

Ex. 10. Use the appropriate form of the Infinitive.

I. (A, B)

I. He made me (to do) it all over again. 2. He made her (to repeat) the message. 3. Would you like me (to go) now? 4. They won't let us (to leave) the Customs till our luggage has been examined. 5. He wouldn't let my baby (to play) with his gold watch. 6. Please let me (to know) your decision as soon as possible. 7. He made us (to wait) for hours. 8.1 let him (to go) early as he wanted to meet his wife. 9. I'd like him (to go) to a university but I can't make him (to go). 10. He tried to make me (to believe) that he was my stepbrother. 11. Before he let us (to go) he made us (to promise) not to tell anybody what we had seen. 12.1 advised him (to ask) the bus-conductor to tell him where to get off. 13. That is too heavy for one person (to carry); let me (to help) you. 14. The teacher advised us (to use) dictionaries. 15. Her father doesn't allow her (to go) to the cinema alone. 16. Who told the nurse (to give) the sick man this medicine? 17. The old man doesn't like his grandchildren (to make) a lot of noise when they are playing. 18. The gardener won't let the children (to pick) the flowers.

II. (B, C)

1.1 hate (to bother) you, but the man is still waiting (to give) a definite answer. 2. He hated (to bother) with trifling matters when he had many more important questions (to decide). 3. She would never miss a chance (to show) her efficiency, she was so anxious (to like) and (to praise). 4. The idea was too complicated (to express) in just one paragraph. 5. Is there anything else (to tell) him? I believe he deserves (to know) how the matter stands and (to tell) all about it. 6. He took to writing not (to earn) a living but a name. All he wanted was (to read) and not (to forget). 7. How fortunate he is (to travel) all over the world and (to see) so much of it. 8. The girl pretended (to read) a book and not (to notice) me. 9. It seems (to rain) ever since we came here. 10. It is so thoughtful of you (to book) the tickets well in advance. 11. Perhaps it would bother him (to speak) about the quarrel. 12. The only sound (to hear) was the ticking of the grandfather clock downstairs. 13. The third key remained (to test). 14. She was probably angry (to reprimand) in front of me. 15. She sat there trying to pretend she did not want (to dance) and was quite pleased (to sit) there and (to watch) the fun. 16. She was sorry (to be) out when I called and promised (to wait) for me downstairs

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after the office hours. 17. She said she would love (to come) and was simply delighted (to ask) for a date. 18.1 offered (to carry) her case but she was afraid (to let) it out of her hand. 19. Let's go and see the place. You will be sorry later (to miss) it.

Ex. 11. (C) Insert the Infinitive in the appropriate form and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Mr Abbot was the first... the silence, (to break). 2. The next patient... was a nice girl in her early 'teens, (to examine). 3. Honesty is the first principle ... when working with us. (to observe). 4. He complained that he was always the last.... (to inform). 5.1 am the last man ... a question of the kind, (to ask). 6. They were among the last.... (to arrive). 7. He found that he was the only one ...the discrepancy, (to notice). 8. If there is to be a vacancy I would like to be the one ... the job. (to offer). 9. These houses were among the few ... after a great fire, (to survive). 10. Who was the youngest chess player ... the title of Ail-Union Champion? (to win). 11. The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre players were the second British company... the Soviet Union, (to visit). 12. The Nuremberg trial was the biggest international trial... ever... . (to hold).

Ex. 12. Insert to where necessary.

I. (A)

I. I like ... play the piano. 2. My brother can ... write poems. 3. We had ... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 4. They wanted ... cross the river. 5. It is high time for you ... go to bed. 6. May I... use your telephone? 7. They heard the girl... cry out with joy. 8.1 would rather... stay at home today. 9. He did not want... play in the yard anymore. 10. Would you like... go to England? 11. You look tired. You had better... go home. 12.1 wanted... speak to Nick, but could not... find his telephone number. 13. It is time ... get up. 14. Let me ... help you with your homework. 15.1 was planning ...do a lot of things yesterday. 16. I'd like... speak to you. 17.1 think I shall be able ... solve this problem. 18. What makes you ... think you are right? 19.1 shall... do all I can ... help you. 20.1 like ... dance. 21. I'd like ... dance. 22. She made me ... repeat my words several times. 23. She did not let her mother... go away. 24. Do you like ... listen to good music? 25. That funny scene made me ... laugh.

II. (B, C)

1. The boy helped us ...find the way to the railway station. 2. He would sooner... die than ... betray his friends. 3. Why not... start out now? We cannot wait for the rain ... stop. 4. You'll be better tomorrow. You may ... come and ... dine with us. 5. Don't let us ... get worried. There are a hundred things ... be done. 6. We had better... make haste. 7. You ought not... speak to the Dean like that. 8. What made you ... think so? 9. "Thanks," Andrew answered, "I'd rather... seethe cases myself." 10. He was made... obey the rules. 11.1 thought I would rather... get to the gallery alone, but I was obliged ... accept his company. 12.... have gone through what you have gone through is the lot of very few. 13. Get them ... come as early as possible. 14. There is hardly anything ... do but... work out an alternative plan.

Ex. 13. (В, С) Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay special attention to the use of the Infinitive.

1. To crown it all, there was a story full ten years old now of his treatment of his wife. 2. To meet the increased demand for industrial goods, a factory has been opened in the town this year. 3. It was awfully cold, to be sure. 4. She had broken a precious china and, to make the

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things still worse, she never told anyone about it. 5. To make a long story short, the company broke up and returned home in bad temper. 6. To put it crudely, whatever is man's manner of life, such is his manner of thought. 7. She had become one of those London girls to whom rest, not to say pleasure, is unknown. 8. To claim damages was not a pleasant thing to do.

Ex. 14. (В, С) Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Мягко выражаясь, она была невежлива. 2. Сказать по правде, я не люблю бокс. 3. Начнем с того, что я занят. 4. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен. 5. Мы все были рады, не.говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что это самый счастливый день в ее жизни. 6. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере. 7. Для начала она открыла все окна. 8. По правде говоря, я очень устал. 9. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 10. Короче говоря, они поженились. 11. Самая известная книга Джерома - "Трое в лодке, не считая собаки." 12. По меньшей мере, мы были удивлены.

Ex. 15. (А, В) Translate the sentences into English using the models.