1. 3 verbs used with the Gerund and the Infinitive
There are a few verbs which appear in more than one combination: with the Gerund and the Infinitive. These particular verbs have different patterns assosiated with meanings.
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| Verbs | Gerund | Infinitive |
| begin - начинать | a. The predicate indicates an | a. Thepredicate denotes a |
| activity or process (but the | state of mind or mental | |
| infinitive is also possible). | activity. | |
| CI She began crying (to cry). | П 1 began to feel dizzy. | |
| П When did you begin lear- | О Не began to realize that | |
| ning (to learn) English? | he had made a mistake. b. The grammatical subject is lifeless. П The barometer began to fall. с The verb is used in a con- | |
| tinuous form. □ It's beginning to freeze. | ||
| start - начинать, | П It started raining. | П It is starting to snow. |
| браться за что- | ||
| либо | ||
| stop - останавли- | П He stopped smoking on | П He stopped to smoke. |
| ваться, прекра- | his doctor's advice. (= He | (= in order to smoke) |
| щать | doesn't smoke anymore) | |
| cease - прекра- | П The factory has ceased | П The old German Empire |
| щать, приостанав- | making bicycles. | ceased to exist in 1918. |
| ливать | ||
| continue - продол- | П How long will you continue | П He continued to live with |
| жать | working? | his parents after his marriage. |
| like* (love) - | П 1 like cooking (= enjoy | П I like to cook my meals. |
| нравиться | in general) | (= find it good or right) |
| dread - страшить- | П 1 dread having to visit | П I dread to think what may |
| ся, бояться, | the dentist. | happen. |
| опасаться | ||
| loathe - чувство- | П He loathes travelling by | О I loathe to have to put up |
| вать отвращение, | air. (in general) | here, (in particular) |
| ненавидеть | ||
| hate - ненавидеть, | П She hates getting to the | О I hate to trouble you. |
| не хотеть, испыты- | theatre late. | (= regret) |
| вать неловкость | (= strong dislike) | |
| remember - | П 1 remember posting your | П He remembered to post |
| помнить, напоми- | letter. (= have a memory of | the letter. (= didn't forget |
| нание (" не забудь ") | the act) | to do it) |
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| forget - | □ 1 forgot calling you the | □ Don't forget to call me |
| забывать | the day before. | tomorrow. |
| (about the past action) | (the action occurs at the same time or later) | |
| regret - | П 1 regret saying (having | О 1 regret to say that you |
| сожалеть | said) that you were | were mistaken. |
| mistaken, (the action | (= 1 am sorry that 1 must | |
| occured earlier in time) | now tell you...) | |
| try - пытаться, | □ Try knocking at the back | □ Try to get here early. |
| стараться | door if nobody hears you at the front door. (= do smth as an experiment) | (= make an effort) |
| prefer - пред- | □ 1 prefer walking to cycling. | □ 1 prefer to wait here. |
| почитать | (in general) | (in particular/now) |
| be afraid (of) - | □ 1 dont like dogs. I'm always | □ He was afraid to tell his |
| бояться | afraid of being bitten. | parents that he had |
| (= there is a possibility that | broken the neighbour's | |
|
| smth bad will happen) | window. (= don't want to do smth because it is dangerous or the result might be unpleasant). |
| You are afraid to do smth because you are afraid of | ||
| smth happening as a result. | ||
| □ 1 was afraid to stay in the sun 1 burnt. | Decause 1 was afraid of getting | |
* Would like is followed by the Infinitive. Notice the difference in meaning between I like and I would like. I would like is a polite way of saying I want.
□ I like playing tennis. (= I enjoy it in general)
□ I would like to play tennis today. (= I want to play) We can also use I would love/prefer/hate + Infinitive.
□ Would you prefer to have dinner now or later?
□ I'd love to be able to travel round the world.
II. There are some verbs which can be followed by the Gerund or "that-clause".
| Verb | Gerund | "that-clause" |
| 1. admit | □ He admitted having done | □ He admitted (that) he had |
| признавать | wrong. | made the same mistake again. |
| 2. report | □ He reported having seen | □ It is reported that the expe- |
| сообщать | the escaped convict. | dition has already come back. |
| 3. deny | □ He denied knowing any- | □ I denied (that) the state- |
| отрицать | thing about the plan. | ment was true. |
| 4. suggest | □ I suggest going home. | О I suggested that he should |
| предлагать | see a specialist immediately. |
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| 5. acknowledge допускать, | П Не acknowledged having been frightened. | □ He refused to acknowledge that he had been defeated. |
| признавать 6. anticipate, foresee | □ We didn't anticipate being treated like that. | □ The directors anticipated that demand would fall. |
| ожидать, | ||
| предвидеть 7. fancy нравиться, воображать, | □ She didn't fancy going out. (= like the idea) | □ 1 fancy that he is in for a disappointment. (= get the idea) |
| представлять себе | ||
| 8. imagine воображать | □ 1 can't imagine marrying a girl of that sort. (= form a picture in the mind) | □ Don't imagine that 1 can lend you money every time you need it. (= get the idea) |
III. With a number of verbs and word-groups both the Gerund and the Infinitive can be used. There is no change in meaning. They can also be followed by a "that-clause".
| 1. love | □ She loves having/to have a lot of dogs and young men around | |
| любить | her. | |
| 2. regret | □ I regret being unable to help you. | |
| сожалеть | □ He regretted to have said that. □ I regretted that I couldn't help. | |
| 3. intend | □ What do you intend doing/to do today? | |
| намереваться | □ We intended that they should do it. | |
| планировать | (= have in mind as a plan) | |
| 4. forget | □ I shall never forget hearing Chaliapin in that part. | |
| забывать | □ He has forgotten to pay me. О Did you forget that I was coming? | |
| 5. propose | П I propose starting early/to start early/that we should start | |
| предлагать | early. | |
EXERSICES
Ex. 15. (A) Your friend has some problems and you have to be helpful. Write questions with try.
Model: I can't find anywhere to live, (put an advertisement in the newspaper) Have you tried putting an advertisement in the newspaper?
1. My electric shaver is not working, (change the batteries)
2. I can't contact Fred. He is not at home, (phone/at work)
3. I can't sleep at night, (take sleeping pills)
4. The television picture is not very good, (move the aerial)
Ex. 16. (A) Answer the questions using the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
Model: - Why do you never fly? (hate) -1 hate flying.
1. Why do you always wear a hat? (like)
2. Why does Ann watch TV so often? (enjoy)
3. Why do you never go to the cinema? (not/like)
4. Why does Jack take so many photographs? (like)
5. Why don't you work in the evening? (hate)
Ex. 17. (A, B) Put the verb into the correct form: -ing or to - Infinitive.
1. Do you mind (travel) such a long way to work every day?
2. Ann loves (cook) but she hates (wash) up.
3. I can't stand people (tell) me what to do when I'm driving.
4. I don't like that house. I would hate (live) there.
5. Do you like (drive)?
6. When I have to catch a train, I'm always worried about missing it. So I like (get) to the station in plenty of time.
7. I very much enjoy (listen) to classical music.
8. I would love (come) to your wedding but it just isn't possible.
9. Sometimes I'd like (learn) to play the guitar.
Ex. 18. (A, B) Read each situation and use the words in brackets to write your sentence.