1. 6 indefinite and negative pronouns

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USES OF "SOME', "ANY', "NO', 'NONE', "ONE^J

When used with nouns of material some/any have the meaning of indefinite quantity (" некоторое количество ", " немного ", " сколько - нибудь ") but usually they are not translated into Russian:

□ Give me some water, please. - Дайте мне воды, пожалуйста.

□ Have you bought any sugar? - Купили ли вы сахар?

□ There isn't any milk in the fridge. - В холодильнике нет молока. Before countable nouns in the plural some/any are translated as " несколько ", " какие - то ", " какие - нибудь ":

□ He asked me some questions.

□ Have you got any interesting books?

□ I saw some strange people near your house.

'SOME/ANY' OR ZERO IN RELATION TO QUANTITY

Countable Nouns

The plural of a/an is normally any or some when we are referring to quantity:

□ Is there a present for the children? £^> Are there any presents for the children?

□ Here is a present for the children. j^> Here are some presents for the children.

Sometimes we don't use any and some, even if we are referring to quantity.

The meaning is exactly the same, though we generally prefer to use any or some:

□ Are there any presents for the children? j^> Are there presents for the children?

□ Here are some presents for the children. j^> Here are presents for the children.

Uncountable Nouns

In the same way, we sometimes don't use any and some when referring to quantity:

□ "Is there any milk in the fridge?" is the same as: "Is there milk in the fridge?"

□ "There is some milk in the fridge," is the same as: "There's milk in the fridge."

BASIC USES OF 'SOME" AND 'ANY'

Some

Any

1. Affirmatives: I want some eggs.

2. Questions + "yes": Do you want some tea?

3. Requests: May I have some tea?

4. (= certain): Some people believe anything.

1. Negatives: I don't want any eggs.

2. Uncertain questions: Is there any ... ?

3. With "hardly", etc.: There's hardly any ink.

4. With "at all": I haven't any idea at all.

5. After "if": Buy some pears if you see any.

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OTHER USES OF 'SOME' AND 'ANY'

Some and any also have special uses:

□ I haven't seen Tom for some years. (= I haven't seen Tom for several years.)

□ Any fool knows the answer to a question like that. (= "It doesn't matter who" - "любой, всякий").

'NOT ... ANY", "NO" AND "NONE'

1. We can use no instead of not any. We use an affirmative verb with no:

□ There aren't any buses after midnight. n> There are no buses after midnight.

□ There isn't any milk. n> There's no milk.

2. We can also use no in place of not a/an:

□ I'm not an expert. n> I'm no expert.

3. None stands on its own as a pronoun:

□ We have no bananas. We have none.

'NONE OF' AND "NEITHER OF'