Ex. 2. (A, B) Put "should" or "shouldn't" in the spaces. Translate the sentences into Russian. Watch the meaning of "should"/"shouldn't".
1. You______ work more; you_______ miss the lessons. 2. Mothers_______ look after their
children. 3. What are you doing here? You_______ be in bed. It is very late. 4. That hat
doesn't suit you; you_______ buy another. 5. There are too many accidents. Everyone
_____ be much more careful. 6. You______ have followed the instructions of your coach.
Then you would have won the game. 7. Tom was often late and his father told him that he
_____ wake up earlier. 8. She told her children that they_______ always say "Please" and
"Thank you". 9. It is dark in the room, you______ switch on the light.
Ex. 3. (B) Make remarks according to the model.
Model: A.: I only told Peter.
B.: You shouldn't have told anyone. 1.1 only asked Mike. 2.1 only invited Jack. 3.1 only argued with Tom. 4.1 only discussed it with Alec. 5.1 only talked about it with Arthur. 6.1 only wrote to Bill. 7.1 only complained about Mark. 8.1 only woke George.
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Ex. 4. (В, С) Open the brackets using the correct form of the infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1.1 don't feel well now. I should (remember) to take the medicine yesterday. 2. Children should (obey) their parents. 3. It's three o'clock and I'm feeling very hungry; I should (eat) more for lunch. 4. The little boy was playing with his father's typewriter and of course he broke it; he shouldn't (allow) him to play with it. 5. You have a weak heart. You shouldn't (run). 6.1 was very tired last summer and I should (take) a holiday, but there was too much work to do. 7. When he went for a walk he should (take) his umbrella, it looked like rain (but he didn't). 8. The workmen are very slow; the job should (finish) a week ago. 9. You shouldn't (eat) so much bread, now you've gained weight. 10. You shouldn't (go) out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. 11. You should (cross) the road by the subway (but you didn't). 12. He should (check) that his brakes were working properly (but he didn't). 13. You should (warn) him that the ice was dangerous (but you didn't). 14. Tom's had another accident. It sounds like Tom's fault. He should (wait) till the main road was clear.
Ex. 5. (C) Fill in the blanks with "must", "should" or "ought (to)". Use the correct form of the infinitive.
1. Your questions surprise me, you____ (know) this. 2. You_____ (to be) absent for such
a long time. Everyone forgot you. 3. Though it is a very unpleasant mission, I feel I______
(tell) you the truth. 4. We had a wonderful time at that party. You_________ (to be) there.
5. Let's tell him all as it is. He_____ (understand). 6. You______ (apologize) when you saw
that his feelings were hurt. 7. She is a very experienced doctor. You______________ (to
consult) her. 8. She______ (not to say) such things in the child's presence. Now you see
the results. 9.1_______ (know) that it might come to that. 10. If they had been warned in
time, they______ (be) there by now. 11. He gave you just the feeling of assurance, of
confidence that a doctor______ (to give).
Ex. 6. (C) Fill in the blanks with "ought", "to be (to)", "to have (to)".
1. Don't contradict her, you_______ to respect her age. 2. She is not a bad sort, if some
what capricious; so you sometimes to put up with her whims. 3. The situation grew
awkward. He felt that something______ to be done, or else the party would break up.
Ex. 7. (C) Fill in the blanks with either "should" or "must". Translate into Russian.
1. a) You look fresh! You_____ have had a good sleep at night.
b) You look tired! You_____ have a good sleep at night.
2. a) They_____ have studied the subject more thoroughly; they will regret it later on.
b) They_____ have studied the subject thoroughly; they answered every question.
3. a) You_____ have ignored the traffic regulations. That's why you were fined.
b) You_____ have followed the traffic regulations, then you would not have been fined.
4. a) He_____ be working at his problem now.
b) He_____ work at the problem, it hasn't been solved yet.
5. a) I______ have taken Grandfather's spectacles. I cannot see anything through them.
b) I_____ have taken my opera-glasses. I don't see anything.
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Ex. 8. ( С ) Use "should" or "had (to)" with the correct form of infinitive in brackets.
1. I_____ (to send) a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. You_________ (to
remind) me to do it earlier. 2.1______ not (to tell) him the news; he was so much upset, but
I really______ (to do) so, for the circumstances demanded it. 3. The agreement was that if
Johny White could not repay the money he had borrowed, then Luke Flint_____ (to have)
the right to sell the land. 4. It was very hard work but we________ (to do) it. 5. She_______
(not to let) it pass like that, she______ (to explain) to him that he was wrong. 6. Although it
was unpleasant to her, she_____ (to tell) him that he was wrong.
Ex. 9. (C) Translate into English using "must", "to be (to)", "have (to)", or "should", "can".
1. Ты, должно быть, пропустил его. Ты должен был быть более внимательным. 2. Вы, должно быть, с ним уже поговорили. Я вижу, вы все знаете. 3. Он не должен был так грубо разговаривать. Это могло обидеть его. 4. Она не должна была закрывать окно так быстро, надо было проветрить комнату получше. 5. Это должно было случиться. Всем известна его рассеянность. 6. Тебе надо было прочесть свое сочинение еще раз, там, должно быть, есть ошибки. 7. Нам не пришлось тащить вещи на себе: нам попалась попутная машина. 8. Вы не должны так расстраиваться по пустякам. Надо держать себя в руках. 9. Простите, что я опоздал. Вам долго пришлось ждать меня? 10. Надеюсь, ты не должна теперь так рано вставать; ты ведь теперь работаешь в десяти минутах ходьбы от дома. 11. Она, очевидно, была очень приятной женщиной. Все говорят о ней с такой любовью. 12. Я никуда не выходил в тот вечер, так как после работы ко мне должен был зайти Джордж. 13. Это лекарство можно получить только по рецепту врача. 14. Там, наверно, идет дождь: смотри, какое темное небо. 15. Тебе не надо сегодня готовить обед, так как мы обедаем в гостях. 16. Они, вероятно, что-то горячо обсуждали; они даже не заметили, как мы вошли. 17. Вам следовало бы найти специалиста, который мог бы дать вам хороший совет.
6. NEED
Need expresses necessity. It is mostly used in negative and interrogative sentences.
FORMS AND MEANINGS
| MEANING | EXAMPLES | EQUIVALENTS |
| absence of necessity | She needn't get up early. The lessons begin at ten. ( Можно не ...) | don't have to ... She doesn't have to do it. |
| something that has been done, was unnecessary | The water was clean. You needn't have boiled it. ( Можно было и не ... ; зря ; напрасно ) | Didn't have to is no longer an equivalent. It denotes the absence of necessity without implying that the action was performed. |
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NOTES:
1. When "need" is used in the meaning "to be in want of something" it is treated as a normal verb:
□ He needs a pair of shoes.
2. "Need" as a modal verb has only one tense form - the Present.