7. 1 the Present Perfect Tense
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
| 1 | have worked | 1 have not worked | Have | 1 | worked? |
| He | has worked | He has not worked | Has | he | worked? |
| She | has worked | She has not worked | Has | she | worked? |
| It | has worked | It has not worked | Has | it | worked? |
| We | have worked | We have not worked | Have | we | worked? |
| You | have worked | You have not worked | Have | you | worked? |
| They have worked | They have not worked | Have | they worked? | ||
| I've | Worked | 1 haven't worked | |||
| He's | Worked | He hasn't worked | |||
The Present Perfect is always connected with the present: Present Perfect = Past + Present.
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1. It denotes a completed action connected with the present
□ I am a little frightened for I have lost my way.
□ He has recovered from his illness (he is better now).
The only thing which matters here is the result: the time when the action took place is of no importance.
□ I have seen this film (I can discuss it with you now). Questions in the Present Perfect never start with when:
□ When dM you see this film?
2. The Present Perfect is frequently used with:
a) the adverbs: ever never just already yet of late/lately/recently
□ I have never seen him.
□ I have not spoken to her yet
b) this morning/evening, today, this week, this year
(when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking):
□ Has Ann had a holiday this year?
□ Have you seen him today?
c) the prepositions for, since:
□ I have known her for two years.
□ He has not seen his friends since last September.
□ I haven't seen him since he left for Moscow.
d) the expression: This (it) is the first time:
□ This is the first time he has driven a car.
3. The Present Perfect is not used in:
□ Что Вы сказали? - What did you say?
□ Я не слышал вашего вопроса. -1 did not hear your question.
□ Я забыл. - I forgot.
□ Теперь я понял. - Now I understand.
□ Где Вы купили эту книгу? - Where did you buy the book?
EXERCISES______________________________________________________________
Ex. 1. (A, B) Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect
1.1 don't know this girl. I never (meet) her before. 2. "Where is Mother?" - "She just (go) out." 3. "Don't you know what the film is about?"-"No, I (not/see) it." 4. Don't worry about the letter. I already (post) it. 5. "Is he a good teacher?" - "Oh yes, he (help) me a lot." 6.1 know London perfectly well. I (be) there several times. 7.1 can't find my umbrella. I think, somebody (take) it by mistake. 8. "Do you speak Spanish?" - "No, I never (study) it." 9. "Do you know where they have gone?" - "No, they (sell) their house and (not/leave) their new address."