4. He often has a sore throat, (today)

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5; I usually have warm shoes in the winter, (this winter)

6. She has a new dress every summer, (this summer)

7. They always have a light supper, (tonight)

8. I often have a headache in the evening, (tonight)

9. I often have fish for dinner, (today)

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Ex. 6. (В, С) Translate into English.

1. У них есть три собаки и три кошки.

2. У нее большие зеленые глаза.

3. У моего брата голубая машина.

4. Сколько у вас земли?

5. У нас не было машины в прошлом году.

6. У меня вчера болела голова.

7. Когда вы пьете чай?

8. Мы хорошо провели время вчера.

9. Она хорошо провела отпуск на юге.

10. У вас есть книги по истории Англии?

4. ENGLISH TENSES ACTIVE

The category of tense denotes the relation of the action either to the moment of speaking or to some definite moment in the past or future. The category of tense and the category of aspect are intermingled.

The category of aspect shows the way in which the action develops, whether it is in progress or completed, etc. There are four groups of tenses: Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Per­fect Continuous. The Indefinite form has no aspect characteristics whatever, the Continu­ous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous forms denote both time and aspect relations.



INDEFINITE

shows an action

as a fact (customary,

repeated)

CONTINUOUS

shows an action as a process

 

 

PRESENT  
PAST verb

FUTURE

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

  
to be + -ing


 

     
 


PERFECT

shows an action completed before a definite moment, connected with it

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

to have + Participle II

 

     
 

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

shows an action in progress, whose duration before a definite moment is expressed

PRESENT

PAST FUTURE

to have been + -ing

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ENGLISH TENSES (ACTIVE)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INDEFINITE

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

 

                    
  verb     be + -ing   have + III form   have been + -ing  
  ask(s)    

am

is asking

 haT asked  

have

has been asking

111

*Repeated,

*Action (process) going

*Completed action

*Action (process) which

customary action.

on at the present moment.

connected with

began in the past and

RES

 

 

the present; result.

is still going on now.

usually/generally

now,

already/yet

for a month/a long time
a.

always/never

atpresent,

ever/never

since 5 o'clock
 

often/seldom sometimes

at the moment

lately/recently this week/today

how long/since when
 

*Fact.

*Future action (to

a timetable, schedule).

*Future action planned before.

by now

 
 

asked took

was asking were

had asked

had been asking
 

*Action (succession

*Action (process) taking

*Action completed

*Action (process) which
 

of actions) in the past.

place at a given moment

before a certain

began before a definite

1-

 

in the past.

moment in the past.

moment in the past and

 

 

 

was still going at that
<

 

 

 

moment.
 

yesterday

at 5 yesterday

by 5 о 'clock yesterday

He had been working
 

last week

from 5 to 6 yesterday

before he came

for 2 hours, when my
 

3 days ago

for 3 days last week

all day 1опдДпе whole day

when we came

by the end of last

year

*At sequence of tenses.

brother came.
 

will ask

will be asking

will have asked

will have been asking
 

* Future action.

*Action (process) taking

* Action completed

*Action (process) which will
 

 

place at a given moment

before a definite

begin before a definite
Ш

 

in the future.

moment in the future.

moment in the future
ОС

 

 

 

and will be going on at that moment.
2

tomorrow

at 5 tomorrow

by 5 o'clock tomorrow

When you come, I'll have
 

next week

from 5 to 6 tomorrow

when he comes

been working
 

in 3 days in 2017

for 3 days next week all day long tomorrow when he comes

by next summer

for 2 hours.

17

5. THE INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) FORMS 5.1 THE PRESENT INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE

It is formed from the Infinitive without the particle "to":

 

AFFIRMATIVE   NEGATIVE  

INTERROGATIVE
1 work 1 do not work Do 1 work?
He works She works It works He She It does not does not does not work work work Does Does Does he she it work? work? work?
We work You work They work We You They do not do not do not work work work Do Do Do we you they work? work? work?

do not = don't does not = doesn't

The Present Indefinite (Simple) may denote:

1. a permanent action fa fact):

О She speaks English. They live in France.

2. the general truth:

□ The Earth rotates round its axis.

Q Vegetables grow well in this climate.

3. a repeated, customary action:

□ The Browns go to the seaside every summer.