. . ... . . ^ adverbial modifier of place
• there ,s(are)" + subject* adverbial modifier of time
The corresponding Russian sentences begin with adverbial modifiers.
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Russian English
В моей комнате есть (имеется) телефон. There is a telephone in my room.
В саду (имеется) много яблонь. There are many apple-trees in the garden.
Вчера в институте было собрание. There was a meeting at the Insitute yesterday.
The verb "to be" in such constructions can be used with modal verbs (can, may, must, ought to):
Q There must be a dictionary on the shelf.
Q There can be no doubt about it.
Q There ought to be more books on the subject in our library. We can also use some other verbs after "there" - to live, to exist, to stand, to lie, etc.:
Q There lived an old doctor in the village.
Q There exist different opinions on this problem. If the subjects are of different number the predicate agrees with the subject that stands first:
Q There is a table and six chairs in the room.
Q There were some books and a dictionary on the table.
INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS
□ Is there a telephone in your room? - No, there isn't.
No, there is no telephone in my room. Q Was there a meeting at the Institute? - No, there wasn't.
□ Will there be many people there? - No, there won't.
No, there won't be any people there.
Mind that the sentences: "There is a book on the table" and "The book is on the table" have different meaning. The first one shows that there is something ("'a book") in that place, the second one shows that the object ( "the book") we now are speaking about or looking for is in that place ("on the table").
EXERCISES_____________________ _____________________
Ex. 1. (A, B) Use "there is (are)" construction in the necessary tense form.
1. Look!_________ their telephone number in the letter. 2. Chichester is a very old town.
_________ many old buildings there. 3. Excuse me,___________ a restaurant near here?
4. How many students_________ in your group? 5.1 was hungry but_________ anything
to eat. 6._________ a football match on TV last night. 7 ____________ many people at the
meeting? 8. Look!___________ an accident. Call the ambulance! 9.___________ 24 hours
in a day. 10. This box is empty._____________ nothing in it. 11.__________ somebody at
the airport to meet you when you arrive tomorrow. 12. When we arrived at the cinema
_________ long queue outside.
Ex. 2. (A, B) Ask questions to the following statements, then answer them according to the pattern.
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Pattern: There is a good programme on TV tonight.
- Is there a good programme on TV tonight?
- Yes, there is.
There aren't any theatres in my town.
- Are there any theatres in your town?
- No, there are not/there aren't.
1. There is a cat in the window. 2. There are a few changes in the text. 3. There are plenty of glasses in the cupboard. 4. There were a lot of people at the stadium. 5. There isn't anything on the plate. 6. There wasn't anybody in the room. 7. There are difficult exercises in this book.
8. There is something on the shelf. 9. There will be some interesting programmes on TV tomor
row. 10. There are several empty seats in the room. 11. There weren't any pears on the plate.
Ex. 3. (A, B) Translate into English.
A
1. В этом журнале много интересных статей. 2. В нашем городе много музеев и театров. 3. В этой комнате есть телефон? 4. В этой комнате два окна. 5. В чашке не было чая. 6. Сколько статей было в этом журнале? - Там было несколько статей. 7. Сколько студентов в аудитории? - Двадцать. 8. Рядом с нашим домом будет парк.
9. На этой улице была школа? 10. На столе лежит несколько книг.
В
1. Рядом с нашим домом есть школа. Школа находится рядом с нашим домом.
2. В городе несколько театров. Театры находятся в центре города. 3. В вазе стояли цветы. Цветы стояли в красивой вазе. 4. В театре много детей. Дети сейчас в театре. 5. Существует несколько способов решения этой задачи. Способы решения этой задачи приведены на странице 5.
3. THE VERB TO HAVE"
THE VERB 'TO HAVE' IN THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
POSITIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM QUESTIONS
| I | have (got) | (I've got) | I | have | not got | Have | I | got? |
| You | have (got) | (you've got) | You | have | not got | Have | you | got? |
| He She It | has (got) has (got) has (got) | (he's got) (she's got) (it's got) | He She It | has has has | not got not got not got | Has Has Has | he she it | got? got? got? |
| We have (got) You have (got) They have (got) | (we've got) (you've got) (they've got) | We You They | have have have | not got not got not got | Have Have Have | we you they | got? got? got? | |
have not got = haven't got has not got = hasn't got
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□ I've got a cat but I haven't got a dog.
□ What have you got in your bag?
In negatives and questions you can also use do/does + have (see the chart on p. 18): Q They don't have any children. (= They haven't got any children.)
□ It's a nice house but it doesn't have a garden. (= it hasn't got a garden.)
□ Does Ann have a car? (= Has Ann got a car?)
□ How much money do you have? (= How much money have you got?) When the verb to have is used in the following expressions:
- to have dinner /breakfast - обедать, завтракать
- to have tea/coffee, etc. - пить чай, кофе и т.д.
- to have a bath/a shower - принять ванну, душ
- to have a shave/a wash - побриться, помыться
- to have a rest/a sleep/a dream, etc. - отдохнуть, поспать, помечтать и т.д.
- to have a holiday/a good time, etc. - отдохнуть, хорошо провести время и т.д. in negative and interrogative forms it takes the auxiliary verb to do:
□ Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast?
□ Where does he have dinner?
Note that have stresses the idea of regularity, have got is linked with "now" and means a particular thing. In spoken English the form I've got is used almost universally for / have in the sense of"/ own (possess)".
□ I have a cup of tea for breakfast in the morning (usually).
Q I haven't got tea for breakfast this morning.
The past of have is had. In negatives and questions we use did + have.
I had
I did not have I didn't have
Did I have?
EXERCISES