Complete the text with given phrases. There′s an extra phrase.
1. where there is no real practical need for it
2. because more people started to follow fashion
3. who does not feel the need to wear a suit and tie
4. where they otherwise would have been unable to cope with the climate
5. because many women now wear what were once ‘men′s′ clothes
6. as the cultures of the world mix
7. whether a person is a member of a particular group or organisation
Clothing is a distinctly human artefact. Even more than the use of tools. it distinguishes humans from the other creatures on this planet. The basic purpose of clothing was originally practical. By putting on a skin. humans were able to move into regions . An example of this use of clothing can be seen among the Eskimos, and other people who live with extreme cold. However, clothing was not only used for protection, but has also been a means of displaying one′s status. Thus clothing also developed in countries .
Clothing tells us many things about the wearer. It can be used to indicate . The most extreme example of this type of clothing is a uniform. A dress code is very important in business. It is a rare businessman . Most politicians also try to be neat and well-dressed.
The significance of what we wear is becoming more important . There have been cases on holiday islands where the locals have been outraged by foreign visitors — especially female visitors — who wear far less than the minimum that the locals consider decent. Actually, the signals given by clothing as worn by men and women have decreased . For example, today most women are very comfortable wearing jeans. Yet the sight of a man in a dress would raise eyebrows in most western cultures.
Clothing is very important in our society. So it is highly unlikely that there will be no use for clothing in the future, unless humanity evolves into a completely new species.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3
Read the text. Choose the correct answer for the following questions
My aunt will be down presently. Mr. Nuttel.‘ said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; ‘in the meantime you must try and put up with me.′
Framton Nuttel endeavoured to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing.
‘I know how it will be,‘ his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; ‘you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them. as far as I can remember. were quite nice.′
Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction), came into the nice division.
‘Do you know many of the people round here?‘ asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.
‘Hardly a soul,‘ said Framton. ‘My sister was staying here. at the rectory, you know, some four years ago. and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here.‘
He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret.
‘Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?′ pursued the self-possessed young lady.
‘Only her name and address,‘ admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. An indefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation.
‘Her great tragedy happened just three years ago; that would be since your sister′s time. You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon,‘ said the niece. indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn.
‘It is quite warm for the time of the year.‘ said Framton; ‘but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy?‘
‘Out through that window, three years ago. her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day′s shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favourite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it.‘
Here the child‘s voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. ′Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them. and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out. her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie. her youngest brother, singing ‘Bertie, why do you bound?‘ as he always did to tease her. because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window′
She broke off with a little shudder. It was a relief to Framton when the aunt hustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making her appearance.
‘I hope Vera has been amusing you?‘ she said.
‘She has been very interesting.′ said Framton.
‘I hope you don‘t mind the open window.′ said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; ‘my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They‘ve been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they′ll make a fine mess over my poor carpets.′
She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible. It was certainly an unfortunate coincidence that he should have paid his visit on this tragic anniversary.
‘The doctors agree in ordering me complete rest. an absence of mental excitement, and avoidance of anything in the nature of violent physical excreise.‘ announced Framton. who laboured under the tolerably widespread delusion that total strangers and chance acquaintances are hungry for the least detail of one′s ailments and infirmities, their cause and cure. ‘On the matter of diet they are not so much in agreement,′ he continued.
‘No?′ said Mrs. Sappleton. in a voice which only replaced a yawn at the last moment. Then she suddenly brightened into alert attention but not to what Framton was saying.
‘Here they are at last!‘ she cried. ‘Just in time for tea. and don‘t they look as if they were muddy up to the eyes?!′
Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension. The child was staring out through the open window with a dazed horror in her eyes. In a chill shock of nameless fear Framton swung round in his seat and looked in the same direction.
In the deepening twilight three figures were walking sewss the lawn towards the window, they all carried guns under their arms. and one of them was additionally burdened with a white coat hung over his shoulders. A tired brown spaniel kept close at their heels. Noiselessly they neared the house. and then a hoarse young voice chanted out of the dusk: ‘I said, Bertie, why do you bound?‘
Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall door. the gravel drive, and the front gate were dimly noted stages in his headlong retreat.
‘Here we are. my dear.‘ said the bearer of the white mackintosh, coming in through the window. ‘fairly muddy, but most of it is dry. Who was that man who bolted out as we
came up‘."
‘A most extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel.‘ said Mrs. Sappleton: ‘could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of goodbye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost.′
‘I expect it was the spaniel.′ said the niece calmly; ‘he told me he had a horror of dogs. He was once hunted into a cemetery somewhere on the banks of the Ganges by a pack of pariah dogs, and had to spend the night in a newly dug grave with the creatures snarling and grinning and foaming just above him. Enough to make anyone lose their nerve.‘
Romance at short notice was her speciality.
(Adapted from ‘The Open Window′ by H.H. Munro)
1. Framton Nuttel went to stay in the countryside ...
to get acquainted with a young girl.
to enjoy being alone.
to improve his health.
to find a job.
2. Vera told Framton that Mrs. Sappleton′s husband and two brothers ...
had been killed while shooting.
had died in the swamp.
had drowned in the pond.
had gone for a walk and disappeared.
3. The French window was open because ...
it was stuffy in the room.
Mrs. Sappleton usually kept her windows open.
it was used as a door.
Mrs. Sappleton was still waiting for the missing people.
4. When Mrs. Sappleton came into the room. she looked ...
quite happy.
angry
very sad.
worried.
5. The doctors ordered Framton ...
a special diet.
mental excitement.
physical exercise.
total relaxation.
6. Framton dashed off without saying goodbye because he ...
was in a hurry.
had seen a ghost
thought he had seen a ghost.
had a horror of dogs.
7. Vera was ...
in her twenties.
quite amusing.
good at making up exciting stories.
aware of Framton′s adventures.
ЭССЭ
Smoking should be banned in public places
Ban= prohibit= not allow
ПИСЬМО
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Julia who writes:...
...Guess what? I′m coming to Russia in August with my parents. You know I′m especially interested in Russian art and it′s a wonderful chance to visit some art galleries and museums. What would you recommend me to visit? Is the museum entrance fee high in Moscow? Are there any discounts for students?
Well, I must finish now because I′ve got an exam tomorrow. Write back soon and tell me all your news.
Write a letter to Julia. Write 100 — 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
In your letter:
➢ answer his questions;
➢ ask 3 questions about his plans for travelling.