2. An important feature (...) of fresh water is its non-uniform distribution around the globe.

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Read the following text carefully.

A. Look at these infographics and complete the sentences accordingly. (10p)

At seven billion people and counting, the population of the globe is ___________________ with no signs of slowing down in the near future. By 2025 it is expected to reach ___________________ and 25 years later ___________________. With so many people on Earth, we would require ___________________ planet’s worth of resources to consume in order to survive. Thus overpopulation is putting enormous strain on our resources. In the near future, the demand for fresh water will increase by over ___________________. Some ___________________ out of three people living on the globe will even be suffering from lack of ___________________. Feeding the population will also be a major issue. It is believed that agriculture will need to increase its production by more than ___________________. Presently we are already experiencing the scarcity of ___________________ as the oceans have been exploited above ___________________.

B. Decide which of the words in column A collocate with the words in column B. Write down the letters. (10p)

1_____ 2_____ 3_____ 4_____ 5_____ 6_____ 7_____ 8_____ 9_____ 10_____ 11_____ 12_____

A 1. acid	B a) farming
A 1. acid	B a) farming	C. Now complete the sentences with some of the collocations. (10p)
2. carbon	b) fuels
3. coastal	c) development	a) If the polar _____________________________ melt, the ocean levels rise.
4. exhaust	d) wave	b) She's been on three international flights this year, so she's worried about her _____________________________.
5. fossil	e) caps
6. heat	f) waters	c) Over the past month officers have been stopping vehicles in Manchester to test _____________________________.
7. ice	g) rain
8. oil	h) dump	d) They have built a new _____________________________ outside the city.
9. organic	i ) power	e) _____________________________ pollute sea water and kill marine life.
10. solar	j) fumes	f) Many bays and ___________________________ have been contaminated with heavy metals.
11. sustainable	k) spills
12. waste	l) footprint

A. Change the verbs in brackets into an appropriate tense to express a future meaning. (20p)

1. “I’m going out shopping for organic food.” – “Oh, are you? Wait, I _________________________ (go) with you.”

2. By the end of 2050, the population in Europe _____________________________(suffer) a significant decrease.

3. Hurry up! It’s getting late. You ______________________________(miss) the beginning of the Earth’s summit.

4. This time next week I ___________________________________(explore) the countryside on foot.

5. You didn’t know? Sam ______________________________________(help) with the beach clean-up next week.

6. Please wait here until someone from the campaign _______________________________(come) back.

7. Please, stop dumping your industrial waste into rivers or I _____________________________(report) you to the authorities.

8. Brian is late again. We __________________________(finish) separating all the waste by the time he gets here.

B. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences. (20p)

1. … the population growth slows down, pollution will continue to increase.

a) Unless b) If c) When d) Because

2. … there are fines for companies that ignore environmental regulations, some choose to overlook them.

a) Furthermore b) Despite c) Even though d) However

3. Sea levels are slowly rising. ..., people don’t seem to take global warming seriously enough.

a) Therefore b) Consequently c) Nevertheless d) Whereas

4. Many endangered species are being protected. …, their survival is by no means guaranteed.

a) Also b) So c) Besides d) However

5. I buy rechargeable batteries … the higher costs.

a) although b) despite c) because of d) as a result of

6. … blaming governments for the state of our planet, we should all do our bit to protect it.

a) Once b) While c) As d) Instead of

7. Most water supplies are inappropriate for human use; … some of them are completely inaccessible for us.

a) since b) moreover c) then d) thus

8. Megacities face serious problems, … water and air pollution.

a) namely b) because c) as a consequence d) since

Using about 180 words, comment on the situation below. Refer to its causes and consequences. Then present some solutions to stop this problem. (50p)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

KEY

Part 1

1. The problem is that 96% of it is found in the oceans and is saline.

2. An important feature (...) of fresh water is its non-uniform distribution around the globe.

3. The struggle to control water resources has shaped human political and economic history.

4. Many have forgotten (...) the 1967 War was triggered by the water dispute between Israel and Syria over control over the Jordan River.

5. Globally, the largest user of fresh water is agriculture, (...) three quarters of total use.

1. Water leads to tension when countries have to share the same water resources because it is a scarce/rare resource and vital to the development of a country.

2. The continuously rising need for water is the result of population growth and economic development.

1. ... 0.3%

2. ... ground water.

3. ... the fresh water (supply) is used in agriculture.

4. ... uses 39% of its fresh water.

5. ... may/will reach 70% of the world’s total accessible fresh water supply.

Part 2

A. At seven billion people and counting, the population of the globe is increasing with no signs of slowing down in the near future. By 2025 it is expected to reach 8 billion and 25 years later 9.6 billion. With so many people on Earth, we would require three planet’s worth of resources to consume in order to survive. Thus overpopulation is putting enormous strain on our resources. In the near future, the demand for fresh water will increase by over 30%. Some two out of three people living on the globe will even be suffering from lack of water. Feeding the population will also be a major issue. It is believed that agriculture will need to increase its production by more than 50%. Presently we are already experiencing the scarcity of fish as the oceans have been exploited above 70%.

1g) 2l) 3f) 4j) 5b) 6d) 7e) 8k) 9a) 10i) 11c) 12h)

a) ice caps b) carbon footprint c) exhaust fumes d) waste dump e) Oil spills f) coastal waters

Part 3

1. will go

2. will have suffered

3. are going to miss

4. will be exploring

5. is helping/ is going to help

6. comes

7. will report

8. will have finished

1a) 2c) 3c) 4d) 5b) 6d) 7b) 8a)