II. Ask your partner questions and make him give brief answers
using the model.
Model: If we had taken measures in time, the fire would not have taken
place.
In what case wouldn't the fire have taken place?
If we had taken measures in time.
1. If the volume of transporting dangerous goods had not grown up the problem would not have arisen. 2. If the IMCO had not elaborated the unified system, all the countries would not have got practical solution of the problem. 3. If we had not jettisoned that cargo, there would have been an explosion aboard. 4. If the dangerous goods had not been divided into classes, it would have been very difficult to carry them safely. 5. If they have thoroughly ascertained in the nature of the goods, they would not have had so much trouble.
III. Listen to the short dialogues, repeat each sentence during the pauses and learn the dialogues by heart:
"How are those chemicals packed?" "They are packed in drums."
"Oh, I see. Then we'll need can-hooks and snotters."
***
"Unfortunately, we can't take that cargo." "Why, can't you?"
"Because, it's poisonous and quite incompatible with the other cargo we have aboard."
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***
"Why you don't want to take that cargo?" "You said it was dangerous cargo, didn't you?" "Yes, I did. But what's then?"
"It isn't listed in the Code. If it had been listed there, we would have taken
it."
IV. Listen to the each of the long dialogues again and retell briefly their contents from the point of view of: (a) one speaker, (b) the other speaker,
(c) an onlooker.
Make your partner ask you about some details which you missed.
V. Write the dictation:
Before 1960 there was no unified system of transporting dangerous goods. Regulations in different countries differed very much from each other. In 1960 at the International conference on Safety of Life at Sea, IMCO was charged with a task to elaborate unified system for all the countries. IMCO enlisted qualified experts and soon they worked out the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. The Code was considered and approved at the IMCO's Assembly. Necessary amendments were inserted in this Code and then it was recommended to all the governments. The Code was published in four volumes. In accordance with the Code all the dangerous goods are divided into 9 classes. For each class special recommendations are given in the Code. Necessary instructions for handling individual goods are also given there. Much attention is paid in the Code to preventive measures which should be taken to avoid explosion or fire aboard. The Code proved to be very helpful for securing safety of life at sea when transporting dangerous goods.
VI. Practise in pairs enacting the following situations. You act as the captain (or second mate), your partner — as the port officer in (a) and (c), as
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the agent in (b). Then you change your parts.
(a)You are to take aboard some explosive and poisonous substances. You are discussing with the port officer where these goods should be stowed and how they should be segre gated from other cargoes. To ascertain in their properties and recommend adequate packing you have to consult the Code. The port officer is helping you to find necessary information.
(b)Your agent is informing you that you are to take aboard barrels with inflammable liquids. Discussing with him pre ventive measures that should be taken when loading the cargo, you ask him to supply your ship with barrel-hooks, snotters and tarpaulin. The agent wants to know what measures you are going to take to provide safety for the drivers and ste vedores who will load the cargo alongside your vessel.
(c)The port officer has brought you some blank-forms in which you are to give information about dangerous goods aboard. You ask him to help you filling up these blank- forms. He asks you what kind of, what quantity and in what compartments these goods are stowed. You show him the cargo documents and the Stowage Plan and give him all the details. He is helping you to formulate the text that should be filled in the blanks.
VII. Translate into English:
Вы спрашиваете, какими правилами мы руководствуемся (to follow) при перевозке опасных грузов? Ну, конечно же, правилами, которые сейчас являются общими и обязательными для всех государств. Я имею в виду Международный морской код по перевозке опасных грузов. У нас на судне есть все четыре тома этого кода. Каждый раз, когда нам это нужно, мы наводим справки в соответствующем томе. Какие данные мы используем из этого тома? Прежде всего мы смотрим, к какому классу относится этот груз. Потом мы находим описание свойств этого вещества и указание о том, какая упаковка предписана для него, а также какими ярлыками оно должно быть маркировано. В том же томе мы находим сведения о том, с какими» грузами
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оно несовместимо, и как этот груз должен быть отделен от других грузов. Дальше мы смотрим рекомендации по его погрузке, укладке и выгрузке. Кстати, в том же томе имеются указания о предупредительных мерах, которые должны предприниматься во избежание взрыва или пожара. Для некоторых грузов требуется усиленная вентиляция отсека, в котором они уложены. Иногда это 5—6 обменов общего объема воздуха за час. Другие грузы должны быть разделены переборками или палубами, одной или даже двумя. Почти все принятые на судно опасные грузы требуют постоянного наблюдения и периодической проверки. Вообще говоря, перевозка таких грузов — достаточно сложное дело, и она требует большой ответственности всего экипажа судна.
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LESSON 22
CARRYING OUT IMCO'S CONVENTION REQUIREMENTS
Words and Word Combinations.
volume объем
total общий, суммарный to attain достигать
to estimate определять, подсчитывать приблизительно to evolve развивать(ся), вд. вызывать
to coordinate координировать, согласовывать mutual взаимный, обоюдный
efforts усилия
convention конвенция, соглашение ratification ратификация, утверждение majority большинство
compulsory принудительный, обязательный strictly строго, неукоснительно
to impose налагать (обязательство) liability ответственность, обязательство non-observance несоблюдение non-compliance несоответствие
violation нарушение (правил, вакона)
to threaten угрожать
uninhabitable непригодный для жилья harmful вредный, пагубный vegetation растительность
staff штат (служащих); персонал; личный состав penalty штраф, наказание, взыскание
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source источник, вд. происхождение
sea-valves кингстон bilges льяло
to install устанавливать, монтировать entries записи
spillage утечка; потери вследствие проливания to bother беспокоить(ся), волноваться inspection round осмотр
trace след
to share делить(ся), поделиться rubbish хлам, мусор
garbage кухонные отбросы, гниющий мусор refuse отбросы, отходы
to dump сбрасывать, сваливать (мусор) peels корка, кожица, шелуха
receptacle приемник, вместилище, хранилище garbage lighter мусорная баржа
sewage сточные воды; нечистоты to drop in зд. заглянуть, зайти
Roger. Вас понял, (радиотемф. выражение)
to extend простираться, тянуться blackish темный, черноватый debris обломки, мусор
helicopter вертолет
skimmer портовый лихтер для сбора плавающей нефти, мусора
Expressions
to come into force войти в силу (юр.)
to coordinate activities согласовать действия
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monitoring system система управления (дозиметрии.) control system система слежения (регулир.)
there are no traces of spilled or leaked oil нет следов проливания или
утечки нефти
how come как случилось, как произошло (разг.)
reception facilities приемные устройства brand new совершенно новое to avoid misunderstanding чтобы избежать недоразумения
can you put me through можете ли вы соединить меня по телефону с
I'll try to dial their telephone number. Я попробую набрать номер их
телефона.
by dead reckoning по счислению (местоположения)
We wish you the best of luck. Желаем удачи.
TEXT
The volume of international transportation of cargoes by sea is rapidly growing from year to year. In 1950 the total amount of goods carried by sea was about 525 million tons. In 1976 the total amount reached 3,352 mln tons. It is supposed that by the end of our century it will attain a tremendous figure of 9,700 mln tons.
The number of transport vessels has grown and is still growing now very rapidly. By the end of the 20th century the total tonnage of the world's cargo vessels is estimated to be about 500 million tons.
The sailing of so many vessels in the world's oceans and seas evolved many new problems. To avoid many perils and accidents at sea it became necessary to coordinate their activities. Of course, it could be done only by mutual efforts of all the countries. After the Second World War the Organization of the United Nations was faced with this problem. It worked out a special convention for creating such an organization which was named the Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) (now this organization is called IMO). The Convention was
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approved by many countries and came into force in 1958. Nowadays more than 100 countries are the members of this Organization.
IMO performs now many functions through its Committees. The main of them are: the Committee of Safety at Sea, the Committee for protecting the sea environment, the Juridical Committee and the Committee for technical cooperation. Each of these committees works out special regulations which are further discussed, completed and approved at the Assemblies or Conferences and then, on ratification by the majority of the IMO's members, become a compulsory law. Such documents as International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, International Convention on Preventing Pollution at Sea, International Regulations for Safety of Life at Sea and others are well known to all the mariners and shall be strictly obeyed in practical navigation.
All these regulations impose liability on shipping companies, the vessels and their crews for non-observance, non-compliance or violation of the rules.
Much attention is now paid to preventing pollution at sea, as its consequences may threaten the vitally important problems of the mankind. The coast and coastal waters polluted with oil or poisonous substances may become uninhabitable or harmful not only for man but for fish, birds, animals, and other living creatures as well as for vegetation.
Under Convention the countries, members of IMO, undertake to see to the effective execution of the rules. To control the strict observance of the Regulations special organizations have been established. The staff of these organizations is entitled to investigate the cause of pollution, to inspect the equipment aboard vessels and to impose a penalty for the Violation of the Regulations.
DIALOGUES
1
INSPECTOR. Good afternoon, sir. I am an Inspector of the . Marine Safety Office. We have found a big slick of fuel oil on the water surface not far from your
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vessel.
CAPTAIN. You are welcome, sir, but I am afraid you made a mistake as to the source of that slick. You see, Inspector, our ship is well provided with an appropriate equipment to prevent any pollution.
INSPECTOR. What equipment do you mean, sir?
CAPTAIN. We have a special slop-tank, a segregated ballast-tank. When the sea valves are sealed, the bilges are connected to these tanks. Besides we have aboard an automatic monitoring and control system. This system operates both when loading and discharging oil. I can also mention that an oily water separating equipment is installed in our ship's engine room.
INSPECTOR. Yes, that's very good indeed. Perhaps, I am mistaken, but you see I am under duty to check all the possible sources of pollution. Do you keep an oil record book?
CAPTAIN. Of course, we do. Just a moment. I can show it to you, so that you might look through the last entries.
INSPECTOR. Yes, thank you, that would be helpful. Well, according to your entries you had no spillage for a long time.
CAPTAIN. Yes, that's right. By the way, I can also show you our Register's Certificate. About a week ago all the valves were tested and found to be in a proper state.
INSPECTOR. No, thank you, you needn't show ft. But you know, that damned slick of oil still bothers me much. Would you mind if I make an inspection round on your vessel, just to see that there are no traces of spilled or leaked oil.
CAPTAIN. Yes, certainly you may do it. That's your duty. I'll ask the Chief Mate to help you. Meanwhile I want to share with you an idea that has just come to my head. Did you take any samples of oil on that spot?
INSPECTOR. Yes, we did.
CAPTAIN. Then I might suggest you to take some samples from our tanks too. The analyses will show whether these samples are of the same kind, or they are different.
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INSPECTOR. Thank you, sir. That's really a good idea.
CAPTAIN. One thing more. Didn't I tell you that on entering your zone all the gate valves were sealed by one of your control vessels. You might as well check all the seals.
INSPECTOR. Yes, thank you for your assistance. I'll have to do it willy-
nilly.
2
INSPECTOR. I think you know, sir, that dumping of garbage or any refuse is prohibited in the port waters.
CAPTAIN. Certainly, Inspector, this is a common regulation rule for all the
ports.
INSPECTOR. Then how come that there are some watermelon and fruit peels floating near your sternl Did you dump any garbage recently?
CAPTAIN. No, we didn't. But an hour ago a tourist launch passed by our ship. Maybe, they have done it.
INSPECTOR. Maybe, but I am not sure. What do you do with your garbage?
CAPTAIN. We have special receptacles where we keep the garbage. Usually in the ports where they have reception facilities we discharge it into garbage lighters.
INSPECTOR. Unfortunately, we don't have garbage lighters in our port. CAPTAIN. We know that. Somebody told us about it. To avoid any
misunderstanding, Inspector, I would like you to see yourself our ship's garbage and sewage equipment. It's brand new and very convenient. It won't take you much time.
INSPECTOR. Maybe, during the inspection round we'll drop in the galley
too?
CAPTAIN. Why not. You may see here everything you want. Wait a moment, please. I'll tell the Chief Mate to accompany you.
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3
(by radiotelephone)