II. (a) Change from direct into indirect speech using the models.
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Model 1: He said, "Fresh meat is rather expensive."
He said that fresh meat was rather expensive.
1. They said, "Potatoes are scarce at the market." 2. She said, "Water-melons are marvellous this season." 3. He said, "The regular price is 3 shillings a pound." 4. He said, "The prices are quoted in the local currency."
Model 2: They said, "We can offer you fresh fish."
They said that they could offer us fresh fish.
1. She said, "We can send you the vegetables." 2. They said, "We can sell you all kinds of fruit." 3. He said, "I cannot accept that meat." 4. We said, "We cannot pay for the victuals in cash."
Model 3: She said, "The sausage weighs 30 kilos."
She said that the sausage weighed 30 kilos.
1. They said, "We charge you five shillings a pound." 2. He said, "I like these grapes." 3. She said, "We know where your ship is berthed." 4. We said, "We want 300 pounds of oranges."
(b) Translate into Russian:
1. She said that the meat was not tainted. 2. They said that they had various fruits in stock. 3. We said that we did not like that butter. 4. He said that he could bring fresh provisions every day. 5. I said that we did not have to buy bread. 6. They said that they were going to buy some fruit. 7. They said that there was no fish at the market. 8. She said that there were various foodstuffs at their shop.
III. Listen to the short dialogues, repeat each sentence during the pauses and learn the dialogues by heart:
"Here is a list of provisions we want. Look it through, please." "I think we can supply you with everything you've listed."
"Fine. Mind we are leaving tomorrow night. Can you manage everything by that time?"
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***
"I am afraid the prices you quote are too high. We had offers at much lower prices."
"Well, we can make a reduction if you order sufficiently large quantities."
***
"How much are the bananas?" "Two shillings a bunch." "Are they ripe?"
"Oh, marvellous."
IV. Listen to each of the long dialogues again and retell briefly their contents from the point of view of: (a) one speaker, (b) the other speaker, (c) an onlooker.
Make your partner ask you about some details which you missed.
V. Write the dictation:
Our ships are provided in their home ports with everything they need for a normal run. However, they sometimes may run out of some stores. In this case they have to buy supplies in foreign ports. They buy fresh provisions through shipchandlers. Shipchandlers are trading companies which specialize in supplying ships with foodstuffs and commodities. The ship's agent usually recommends the most reliable and trustworthy firm which will supply goods of proper quality and at reasonable prices. The shipchandlers arrange a proper and timely delivery of the foodstuffs aboard the ship. According to contract the ship's agent is to see that the prices charged are not above the current market prices. The ship may buy bonded goods, which are cheaper than the goods sold at the local markets. Bonded goods are dutiable goods. But no duty is imposed on them when they are sold to a ship for use of the ship's crew or the passengers. Ship-chandlers help the masters of ships to carry out necessary formalities when buying bonded goods. Our ships'
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captains rarely pay in cash for the provisions bought. They usually sign bills or invoices for the provisions taken aboard and the ship's agent settles the accounts with the shipchandlers on behalf of the ship.
VI. Practise in pairs enacting the following situations. You act as the chief mate, your partner acts as the shipchandler in (a), as the agent in (b), as the steward in (c). Then you change your parts.
(a) You want to buy some provisions. You are discussing with the shipchandler the prices of foodstuffs you want to buy and the quantities you need. You insist that he must make some rebate on the prices and in some cases he is willing to do it. You need for the ship 300 kilos of butter, 250 kilos of kitchen butter, 100 litres of vegetable oil, preferably made of sunflower seeds, 400 kilos of fresh meat (beaf), 800 kilos of vegetables (potatoes, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, on ions, garlic) and some fruits which are available at the market at this season.
(b) You are asking your agent whether you can buy some bonded goods. He asks you what kind of bonded goods you want and tells you to fill up the stores authority blank form. You are interested to know the prices and he names them using local prices in their currency and for their standard measurement. You are trying to convert the prices and measurements into our usual standards to which we got used.
(c) You are helping your steward to check the victuals that have been brought by the shipchandler. You are holding in your hand the invoice the items of which you are verifying with the actual provisions brought. Now and then you ask the shipchandler about some explanations and tell him whether the steward is willing to accept or to reject some of the foodstuffs, giving appropriate reasons for that.
VII. Translate into English:
Садитесь, пожалуйста. Устраивайтесь поудобнее. На этот раз нам потребуется не так уж много провизии. У нас кончились запасы свежего мяса
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и овощей. Есть ли у вас сейчас на рынке в продаже свежее мясо? Есть? Это хорошо. Вы спрашиваете, сколько нам нужно мяса. Около полтонны. Какая цена мяса? 20 пенсов, вы говорите? Это цена за один килограмм? Понимаю, эта цена за 1 английский фунт. Значит, цена за килограмм будет около 50 пенсов. Когда вы сможете доставить мясо на судно? Только завтра? Дело в том, что мы должны выйти из вашего порта завтра не позже 8 часов вечера, поэтому мясо и другие продукты нужно доставить на судно к 11 часам утра. Что касается овощей, то я хотел бы просмотреть ваш список и прейскурант. Вы хотите сказать, что сейчас в наличии имеются лишь те продукты, которые отмечены в прейскуранте красным карандашом. Я вас правильно понял? Хорошо. Картофель — 60 пенсов за мешок. А сколько весит один мешок? Вы говорите около 40 килограммов. Хорошо, цена немного выше обычной. Почему помидоры у вас такие дорогие? Понимаю, значит, сейчас у вас не сезон для помидоров. Морковь, свекла, капуста, лук, чеснок — все это имеется в продаже. Огурцов и зеленого горошка нет. Я должен сказать вам, что цены у вас довольно высокие. В порту, откуда мы сейчас пришли, цены значительно ниже. Какую скидку на стоимость провизии вы смогли бы нам дать? Нам нужно от 300 до 500 килограммов каждого сорта овощей. Сколько вы сказали? Около десяти процентов от общей стоимости провизии. Хорошо, я должен посоветоваться с капитаном.
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LESSON 14
ORDERING FUEL OIL AND OTHER TECHNICAL SUPPLIES
Words and Word Combinations
fuel oil жидкое топливо
to ensure обеспечивать, гарантировать
margin запас
unforeseen непредвиденный
to entail влечь за собой, вызывать to decrease уменьшать, убавлять to lead (to) вести (к)
lubricating oil смазочное масло
fresh water пресная вода paints краски packing набивка, уплотнение
tools инструменты instruments приборы, аппараты
bunker suppliers поставщики топлива advantageous выгодный
to concern касаться, иметь отношение (к) to compare сравнивать, сопоставлять bunker fuel зд. бункерное топливо
to offer предлагать requirements требования to consider рассматривать, обсуждать
to suit годиться, соответствовать, удовлетворять (требованиям) to possess обладать, владеть
sample образец, проба
to submit представлять (на рассмотрение, экспертизу) to assign назначать, предназначать
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to pump качать насосом
shore attendant береговой рабочий, обслуживающий подающий трубопровод
to ease down уменьшать, убавлять ход (двигателя)
pressure давление
pipeline трубопровод
flash point температура вспышки viscosity вязкость
to make out уяснить, понять
to equal равняться, быть равным
pour point температура застывания (нефтепродуктов) capacity емкость, вместимость
to top off наполнять доверху
to put off откладывать (дело, занятия) burlap мешковина, дерюга
riser вертикальная труба, стояк grounding cable заземлительный кабель dips замеры жидкости в танках рулеткой sheet лист
tin консервная банка, жестянка
Expressions
to place an order for сделать заказ на
It is up to you (to him, to her, etc.) to settle that question. Это от вас (от него, от нее и т. д.) зависит урегулировать этот вопрос.
It is he who must do that. Именно он должен сделать это. so much the better тем лучше
Let me know about that. Дайте мне знать об этом.
We are very much pressed for time. У нас очень мало времени,
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to dip the tanks сделать замеры (рулеткой) жидкости в танках
We have run short of packing. У нас вышла (израсходовалась) вся набивка
to load "over all" грузить нефть шлангом сверху, через люк
Now that I look closer I recognize you. Теперь, когда я смотрю ближе, я
узнаю вас.
TEXT
Foreign-going merchant ships always take such quantities of fuel as will ensure them safe passage between ports with sufficient margin for any unforeseen circumstances. They cannot take unreasonably big supplies that would last infinitely long as it would decrease or even minimize their earning capacity.
Thus, when sailing on a long-term voyage, ships are under necessity of buying fuel oil in foreign ports as well as taking fresh water for the boilers and domestic needs.
Accidental breakage of machinery or other unforeseen circumstances may lead to a shortage of some technical supplies or equipment.
Fuel oil, lubricating oil, fresh water, paints, packing, tools and instruments, which a ship may occasionally need in a foreign port, are usually bought through the ship's agent from local bunker suppliers and other firms.
Under the terms of the General Contract the agent is to recommend reliable and trustworthy firms which will provide the ship with bunker and technical supplies at reasonably low prices.
It must be said that many experienced chief engineers who sail regularly on some lines and have constant contacts with the firms sometimes know even better than the agent which firms will cooperate in the most advantageous manner. Still, as the agent is concerned with the payment of money for all the ship's orders, he should be always consulted with and kept well informed of all the negotiations.
It is also advisable before finally making up one's mind as to what firms to
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place orders with, to find out and compare the conditions which they may offer. The chief engineer who is usually in charge of buying bunker fuel and other
technical supplies has a lot of things to deal with.
It's up to him to determine and stipulate during preliminary talks what requirements, fuel oil and other technical supplies should meet. He is to consider and approve whether some other fuel characteristics, as offered by the sellers, will suit the purpose.
As the chief engineer usually possesses greater professional experience than the rest of the engine-room personnel, it is he who has to examine and approve or disapprove samples and analyses submitted by the sellers. He is to detail one of his engineers (in most cases the third or fourth engineer) to make analyses of fresh water.
Having made the choice of the fuel oil or other supplies, the chief engineer places an order for the adequate quantity which he wants to be supplied. Then he arranges with the suppliers the time and the procedure of receiving bunker.
In case of fuel oil he makes arrangements with the suppliers with regard to taking measurements of bunker tanks before and after loading. These measurements are naturally taken in the presence of the suppliers and should be agreed upon and approved of by both parties. The chief engineer is also to assign one of his engineers to see that the right quantity of bunker is delivered aboard the ship.
Before starting pumping fuel, the chief engineer is to arrange with the suppliers as to what signals should be made to a shore attendant to ease down or increase or stop the pressure in the pipeline when pumping.
After bunkering operations have been completed and the assigned engineer has reported to the chief engineer the exact amount of bunker taken aboard, the latter is to sign on the invoices or bills for the bunker received. These invoices or bills are presented to him by the bunker suppliers and, on being signed, are paid by the ship's agent in the usual way.
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DIALOGUES
1
CHIEF ENGINEER. Sit down, please, Mr Thompson. Would you like a cigarette? No? You don't smoke? I see. Isn't that a professional precaution because you sell inflammable goods?
BUNKER SUPPLIER. No, of course not. I've just got some stomach trouble and had to give up smoking.
CHIEF ENGINEER. That's too bad, of course. Excuse my clumsy joke. BUNKER SUPPLIER. Oh, never mind, of course I understand you mean
well, and we, English, do appreciate a good joke.
CHIEF ENGINEER. That's it. Well, let's turn now to business. You see we want some good oil for the ship's diesel generator.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. What make is that diesel engine, B& W?
CHIEF ENGINEER. No, she is of Soviet make. She is fine. We never have any trouble with that engine.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. I see. So, what requirements should this diesel-oil
meet?
CHIEF ENGINEER. Nothing very particular, just ordinary diesel-oil characteristics. Flash point not below 75°C. Viscosity about 40-50 seconds by Engler at 20°C. Specific gravity 0.845 at 20°C. Cetane number 40-50.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. Wait a moment. We don't use such characteristics here. As to the flash point, it is simple enough. I understand that it is about 180 9 Fahrenheit Scale. But I cannot make out your figures for viscosity. In all our analyses viscosity is given in terms of either Saybolt or Redwood seconds. Couldn't you convert these figures into Saybolt or Redwood seconds?
CHIEF ENGINEER. I see. Wait a moment then. Let me have a look at the conversion tables. Well, to my mind, this viscosity equals to about 35 Redwood seconds.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. So far as I can understand, you want diesel-oil of
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grade E, according to our classification. I cannot say that its characteristics are exactly as you stated, but they are very close to them. I'll show you some samples of this grade, and I suppose you may choose which one you like best of all. Here are their complete analyses.
CHIEF ENGINEER. I think this sample will suit us. Please show me its analysis. Thank you. Yes, this one will do.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. How many tons do you want to order?
CHIEF ENGINEER. We want 500 tons of diesel-oil, and some 30 tons of lubricating oil.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. What kind of lubricating oil do you need? CHIEF ENGINEER. Do you want me to tell you the characteristics?
BUNKER SUPPLIER. Yes, that would make the choice easier. But if you like, I can show you samples, and you make the choice yourself.
CHIEF ENGINEER. All right, we can do both. You see, we bought such oil once and I wrote down the figures. Now, where did I put that note? Oh, here it is. So, the flash point is 360°F minimum, Saybolt viscosity at 100° Fahrenheit — 150 seconds minimum and 200 seconds maximum. Pour point 35° F maximum and steam emulsion value 75 seconds maximum.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. That's clear, sir. This is the regular stuff; we can supply you with any quantity. You are holding a sample of that grade in your hand now.
CHIEF ENGINEER. Is that so? Right you are. Now that I look closer, it's just like what we bought last time. So, it is settled now. What about the prices?
BUNKER SUPPLIER. The prices are fixed, sir. Just standard Shell Co. prices. We'll charge you Ј, 35,40 per ton of diesel-oil and Ј 88.75 per ton of lubricating oil. Sorry, but we cannot make any discounts for quantities less than 10,000 tons.
CHIEF ENGINEER. Well, let it be so. Now, let us arrange about the delivery and the samples for analysis.
BUNKER SUPPLIER. I'll send you the samples in a couple of hours. As to
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bunkering, we may start pumping directly you shift to our wharf. We may supply you from our lighter as well, just at this berth; but it will cost you Ј, 150.00 more.