Make your partner ask you about some details which you missed.
V. Write the dictation:
The second mate's duty is to see to the loading, stowing and discharging of the cargo. The stevedoring company details several stevedore gangs to do the job. Each gang consists of a foreman, a hatchman, two or three winchmen and some ordinary stevedores. The foreman supervises the work of his gang. The chief or boss stevedore is detailed by the stevedoring company to superintend the work being done by all the stevedore gangs working aboard the ship.
In the course of loading the second mate has to deal with all the above
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people. He must explain to them how he wants to have the cargo stowed. He must instruct them how he intends to have the heavy crates lashed and secured. It is his duty also to check how the work has been done.
VI. Practise in pairs enacting the following situations. You act as the second mate, your partner — as the foreman. Then you change your parts.
(a) You are instructing the foreman of a stevedore gang how to discharge the goods, he is asking you questions to make your instructions more concrete. As an example, take such goods which you had to deal with and which you know better irom your own experience.
(b) You are checking the goods which the shippers are going to load aboard your vessel. You find some defects in the packing of goods and you either reject the goods or make the shippers substitute new ones for them or recondition the packing.
(c) In one of the holds you are instructing the foreman how you want to have the barrels stowed. You reject some of these barrels because they are leaky. The foreman promises you to have them rehooped and puts them aside. Further, you blame the stevedore for inefficient securing the rails with ropes and explain to him how to secure them properly with chain lashings.
VII. Translate into English:
Сколько человек в вашей бригаде? Вы говорите, двенадцать человек? Хорошо, тогда вся бригада будет работать в третьем трюме. Кто у вас старший? Вы? Очень приятно. Нам нужно договориться, как укладывать груз. Прежде всего будем укладывать рельсы. Я хочу, чтобы на дно трюма уложили деревянную сепарацию. Там в твиндеке есть толстые доски. Пусть грузчики положат их поперек. Рельсы должны укладываться рядами в замок. Конечно, рельсы должны укладываться вдоль трюма. Пусть ваши люди проложат старые концы между рядами. Я хочу, чтобы по краям рядов проложили толстые доски. Их нужно укрепить распорками к переборкам.
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Верхний ряд рельс нужно покрыть досками. Поверх этих досок пусть грузчики уложат бочки с цементом. Бочки нужно ставить стоймя. Я хочу, чтобы сверху бочек уложили несколько рядов кип с джутом. Вы спрашиваете, нужно ли оставлять проходы между штабелями джута? Нет, не нужно. Укладывайте без проходов. В твиндеках нам придется уложить большие клети с машинным оборудованием. Только их нужно хорошо занайтовить стальным тросом. Трос нужно будет крепить к рымам на твиндечной палубе. Может быть, вам придется их укрепить также распорками или заклинить бревнами.
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LESSON 11
RECEPTION OF CARGO (LOADING)
Words and Word Combinations
to approve одобрять, утверждать stability остойчивость seaworthiness мореходные качества proximity близость
to arrange располагать, размещать accessible доступный, имеющий доступ to make out выписывать (о документах) shortage недостача, нехватка
to insert вставлять, включать to verify проверять, сверять
to retain удерживать, сохранять reference ссылка, справка
post-dated датированный более поздним числом ante-dated датированный задним числом
fraud обман, мошенничество to depend (on) зависеть (от)
to press настаивать, вынуждать false ложный, фальшивый
а letter of guarantee гарантийное письмо
a letter of indemnity
to insist настаивать preliminary предварительный gang бригада
to substitute заменять
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mate's receipt штурманская расписка size размер, величина, габарит missing недостающий
to agree соглашаться, договариваться wet мокрый, влажный
to burst лопаться, разрываться shed навес, сарай
to find out выяснить, разузнать, обнаружить figure цифра, число
surplus избыток, излишек quantity количество
discrepancy расхождение, разногласие to warn предупреждать
to initial ставить инициалы, визировать (о документах) entry запись
to pertain (to) относиться, иметь отношение to suffice хватать, быть достаточным
to superintend наблюдать, контролировать to comply (with) подчиняться (правилам)
to station ставить на определенное место, помещать with regard to в отношении чего-л., относительно
Expressions
to take into account принимать во внимание, учитывать to satisfy oneself убедиться, удостовериться
as the case may be в зависимости от обстоятельств
to get into serious trouble получить серьезную неприятность our tallies don't agree наши подсчеты не сходятся
to substitute new bags for old ones заменить старые мешки новыми
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the casks proved to be leaky бочки оказались с течью you must have made a mistake вы, вероятно, ошиблись to the effect that о том, что
to relay orders передавать приказания
You needn't worry about it. Вам не нужно об этом беспокоиться, the notice is served нотис предъявлен, вручен
TEXT
"Different ships, different long splices," as the saying goes. Still, there is much in common in the general routine of receiving or delivering goods on or from the ship.
The cargo is taken on board the ship in accordance with the cargo plan. This plan is drawn up by the agent beforehand and must be carefully considered and approved by the captain. In planning the stowage of the goods, the captain gives the first consideration to the safety of the ship. That means that he must see that the stowage of goods is planned in such a way that the ship will retain her stability and seaworthiness after the cargo has been loaded. This entails another problem: the ship must be duly trimmed and the extraweights, if any, must be properly lashed or secured so that they will not shift when the ship encounters heavy weather.
There are some other considerations which should be taken into account, too. First of all, different kinds of cargo should be stowed in such a manner that they would not damage or affect one another by contact or proximity. Then, if the cargo is shipped to several ports, each consignment must be so arranged that it might be easily and conveniently discharged in the appropriate port. In other words, it must be readily accessible and not "overstowed" with other goods.
Thus, after the cargo plan has been approved and due notices of readiness to load have been handed over, the second mate is first of all to get the holds ready. Then he is to look after the loading and stowage of the cargo.
The agent sends him a shipping note or order with each separate lot of
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goods. The second mate arranges a careful tally of goods which are taken aboard. When the second mate has satisfied himself as to the exact quantity and condition of the goods received, he makes out the mate's receipt. In case of shortage or damaged condition of goods or defects of packing he is to make appropriate remarks in these mate's receipts. The mate's receipts are delivered to the shippers, to the stevedoring company or direct to the agent, as the case may be.
On the basis of these receipts, the agent makes out bills of lading in which he is to insert all the remarks contained in the mate's receipts.
Then the agent presents the issued bills of lading to the master for signature. The master calls for his second mate, verifies with him the accuracy of all the data, and then signs the bills of lading. As a rule, the second mate retains a copy of each bill for reference.
On no account should the master sign a post-dated or ante-dated bill of lading, for, by so doing, he may get into serious trouble as this may leave an opening for fraud; besides, contracts between shippers and receivers often depend on the date of shipment. A bill of lading should therefore be signed under date of shipment of the goods.
A master is sometimes pressed by a shipper to sign bills of lading, which are known to be false in some material particulars in return for a letter of indemnity. The master should never accept such a letter, but should insist on qualifying the bills of lading so that they contain statements which are true in substance and in fact.
After loading has been completed, a stowage plan and manifest of cargo are compiled. These are rather important and useful documents. They are usually sent ahead of the ship to the port of discharge so that preliminary arrangements may be made as to the type of discharging gear required and as to the number of gangs to handle the cargo. After that the proper method of disposal is arranged. A copy of the cargo manifest is also kept on the ship to be presented to the customs house when required.
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DIALOGUES
1
CHIEF STEVEDORE. Well, we've finished with that lot of sugar. What's your tally?
SECOND MATE. Let me see. According to my entries we've got on board 912 bags of sugar. All of them stowed in Hold No. 3.
CHIEF STEVEDORE. Then our tallies don't agree. We had 920 bags in that
lot.
SECOND MATE. I'm afraid you've included in the total some of the bags that were rejected. Let us check separate drafts then. The first 17 drafts were of 50 bags each. Then in the eighteenth draft four bags were badly soiled, one bag torn and two bags rather wet. All these seven bags were rejected. Then in the eighteenth draft one bag burst and started leaking, so we sewed it up and returned ashore. And, finally, in the last draft you sent up оnly 20 bags.
STEVEDORE. Well, I have to investigate that. Maybe you are right and these 8 bags are still under the shed, waiting for their turn. I'll directly send a man to find that out.
SECOND MATE. By the way, in the fifteenth draft, there were 7 second-hand bags. I'll have to make an appropriate remark about that in my mate's receipt.
CHIEF STEVEDORE. Do you keep these 7 bags together with the rest of the lot, or have you stowed them aside?
SECOND MATE. We have stowed them aside in Hold No. 3; you may go and see them for yourself.
CHIEF STEVEDORE. No, I believe you. I'll ring up the office to find out whether they want to substitute new ones for them. As to those 8 bags, you were right. I've just been told that they still have them under the shed to be substituted by new ones. So, directly they are delivered, please, make out the mate's receipt for the whole amount of 920 bags. As to your remark about 7 secondhand bags, I'll arrange that with the owners and let you know the result a little later.
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2
SECOND MATE. I've been informed that there are two boxes of non-standard size in that lot under your Shipping Order No. 27. The numbers and the marks are the same. You'd better go and see them in Hold No. 2. We stowed them aside.
CHIEF STEVEDORE. No, that's all right with those boxes. They belong to the next lot of bigger-sized boxes. With the next draft we'll send up the two missing boxes and you may close up Shipping Order No. 28 which will cover a separate bill of lading.
SECOND MATE. Never mind that. As to Shipping Orders Nos. 25 and 26, our tallies agree and you may have my mate's receipts.
CHIEF STEVEDORE. Well, if you don't mind, I'll have them right away. SECOND MATE. Here you are. Please have them.
CHIEF STEVEDORE. Thank you.
3
SECOND MATE. Ten casks are short under your Shipping Order No. 30. AGENT. Yes, I know that. These casks proved to be a little bit leaky and we
had to hoop them afresh. I've ordered to have them sent up as soon as they are ready, and the chief stevedore will report to you when they are on board.
SECOND MATE. We wanted to take aboard those crates which are ashore, under Shipping Order No. 27, but we had to reject them.
AGENT. Why, what's the matter with them?
SECOND MATE. You see, those crates are not strong enough. You should strengthen them with bolts.
AGENT. All right, I'll see to that. What about the consignment of rubber under Shipping Order No. 7?
SECOND MATE. Under this shipping order we took on board only 658 bales. Thus, seven bales were evidently short-shipped. There must be some
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mistake in that order as our tallies agree with the shore tallymen's. AGENT. You must have made a mistake in calculating the total.
SECOND MATE. No, not I. I've checked the total twice and both times I got the same figure. Besides this total agrees with that of your tallymen.
AGENT. I'll investigate that. Maybe this shortage is covered by the surplus in some other lot.
SECOND MATE. No, I don't think so. We haven't got any surplus so far. AGENT. Well, anyhow, please give me the mate's receipt under this
shipping order for the amount stated and we'll give you a letter of guarantee for the missing quantity.
SECOND MATE. I am sorry, Mr Patterson. We can't do that. We have very strict orders not to receive any letters of guarantee.
AGENT. I must say it is quite customary with other shipping companies. You run no risk. But inasmuch as you have different customs, I don't insist on that. Please make out your receipt for the amount actually received on board, and I'll settle myself the discrepancy with the shippers.
4
SECOND MATE. I am sorry, Mr Parkinson, the packing of many bales has been tampered with. We can accept this lot only with an appropriate reservation in the bill of lading.
AGENT. I've warned the shippers to this end beforehand. There is nothing to be done now. Make remarks in your mate's receipt and I'll insert a proper reservation in the bill of lading.
SECOND MATE. Very well, Mr Parkinson. I'll insert in the mate's receipt "Packing damaged on bales Nos. so and so". Now, have you brought the Bs/L for yesterday's lot of spices and other commodities?
AGENT. Yes, I have. Here you are. Check them, initial them and let's go to the master to have them signed.
SECOND MATE. Wait a moment, Mr. Parkinson. I must first verify the
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data with my entries. Will you kindly help me with it to do it more quickly. AGENT. Certainly. I will. Let's begin with B/L No. 3782. SECOND MATE. What shipping order does it pertain to?
AGENT. This B/L covers our two Shipping Orders Nos. 27 and 28. SECOND MATE. Oh, I see, thank you. This B/L is O.K. What's the next
one?
AGENT. The next one is B/L for 2,000 pieces of iron bars.
SECOND MATE. This bill covers Shipping Orders Nos. 34 and 37, doesn't it? AGENT. Yes, exactly so.
SECOND MATE. Then, I'm afraid you must have missed my remark on the mate's receipt: "3 pieces of iron bars in dispute".
AGENT. No, I didn't. I put down that remark on the margin.
SECOND MATE. Oh, excuse me. I've overlooked it. Well, everything is O.K. then. Let's go to the master to have these Bs/L signed. AGENT. Come on.
CAPTAIN. How many copies of the B/L am I to sign, Mr Agent?
5
AGENT. For B/L No. 3782 you are to sign four copies; as to the rest, three copies will do.
CAPTAIN. All right, here you are. Please have all the papers; they are duly and properly signed. When will you issue the rest of the bills of lading?
AGENT. What Bs/L do you mean, Captain?
CAPTAIN. Oh, I mean Bs/L for the rails and cotton. We are just completing loading and I think we may put to sea by tomorrow night.
AGENT. Oh, that's what you mean. Well, tomorrow by 3 p. m. I hope I'll bring you the last B/L and the remaining shipping documents.
CAPTAIN. That's very good indeed. How many copies of the cargo manifest are you going to give us?
AGENT. I think three copies will suffice?
CAPTAIN. Oh, no, they won't. I would kindly ask you to give us five copies
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of the manifest and four copies of the stowage plan. You know we had some trouble with these copies last time. The Gibraltar Custom House asked us to present two copies of the cargo manifest and we had to type them ourselves. It took us a lot of time and put us to much inconvenience.
AGENT. Oh, I see. Well, don't bother about that. I'll do as you ask.
6
CAPTAIN. Are you the representative of the Oil Company, sir?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. I am Cargo Superintendent of the Kuwait Oil Co., Ltd. Where do you come from?
CAPTAIN. We come from Haiphong.
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Have you prepared notices of readiness? CAPTAIN. Yes, we have. Here they are. We are ready to start loading the
cargo from one p.m. today. Will you sign your acceptance and state in its copy the time when the notice is served?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Yes, of course. Oh, never mind about the pen. I always carry a fountain-pen and the stamp about me. Well, we have to settle several points with regard to handling the cargo.
CAPTAIN. Good. Shall we start with examining the tanks and signing the certificate of inspection?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. I suppose we may do it right away. Have you already made connections to the submarine hoses?
CAPTAIN. No, not yet. We are just picking up floating buoys and hoses from the submarine pipeline. Your mooring master is superintending that job. Wait a moment. I'll call for my second mate to show you the tanks.
7
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. I've examined all the tanks; they are dry and clean. Here is the certificate of inspection which I've already signed. Here are some more papers which you are to sign too.
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CAPTAIN. What papers do you mean?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. First of all the declaration that your water ballast intended for discharging here is free of oil or other harmful contamination.
CAPTAIN. That's clear. Let me sign it. What else?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Here is another declaration that all the fire and safety regulations have been complied with.
CAPTAIN. That's also clear. Anything else?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Yes, there are two more papers. One is the declaration to the effect that all the necessary valves are open and that the vessel is in a proper condition to receive cargo. The other one is to the effect that the ship's seacocks are closed except those which are necessary for the normal running of the ship.
CAPTAIN. Very well. Here you are. I've signed everything. Now, how can we arrange for the signals?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. The signals are as follows: six short blasts on your whistle when you are ready to load. One long blast when you want to slow down the loading rate. Two short blasts when you want it at full speed, and three long blasts meaning "stop".
CAPTAIN. That's settled. Besides, we'll station a deck-hand to relay orders by voice to your man at the shore terminal valve.
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. That's very good, sir. I'll instruct our men acccrdingly. Will your deck-hands relay commands in English?
CAPTAIN. Yes, they will, but very briefly, like: "start", "slow speed", "full speed", "stand by to slow down" and "step".
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. That'll do, sir.
CAPTAIN. When loading is completed send someone to take at once the measurings and the samples.
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Certainly, sir, you needn't worry about that.
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CAPTAIN. What papers do you mean?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. First of all the declaration that your water ballast intended for discharging here is free of oil or other harmful contamination.
CAPTAIN. That's clear. Let me sign it. What else?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Here is another declaration that all the fire and safety regulations have been complied with.
CAPTAIN. That's also clear. Anything else?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Yes, there are two more papers. One is the declaration to the effect that all the necessary valves are open and that the vessel is in a proper condition to receive cargo. The other one is to the effect that the ship's seacocks are closed except those which are necessary for the normal running of the ship.
CAPTAIN. Very well. Here you are. I've signed everything. Now, how can we arrange for the signals?
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. The signals are as follows: six short blasts on your whistle when you are ready to load. One long blast when you want to slow down the loading rate. Two short blasts when you want it at full speed, and three long blasts meaning "stop".
CAPTAIN. That's settled. Besides, we'll station a deck-hand to relay orders by voice to your man at the shore terminal valve.
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. That's very good, sir. I'll instruct our men acccrdingly. Will your deck-hands relay commands in English?
CAPTAIN. Yes, they will, but very briefly, like: "start", "slow speed", "full speed", "stand by to slow down" and "step".
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. That'll do, sir.
CAPTAIN. When loading is completed send someone to take at once the measurings and the samples.
CARGO SUPERINTENDENT. Certainly, sir, you needn't worry about that.
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LABORATORY EXERCISES
I. Listen to the text of the lesson again and answer the following questions
1. In accordance with what document is the cargo taken on board the ship?
2. Who draws up the cargo plan? 3. What should be taken into account when planning the stowage of goods? 4. What properties should the vessel retain after loading the cargo? 5. On what condition may different kinds of cargo be stowed in one hold? 6. How should the cargo be stowed jf it is consigned to several ports? 7. What document does the agent send to the ship with each separate lot of goods? 8. Who is to arrange a tally of goods when they are taken aboard? 9. What document does he make out when the goods are taken aboard? 10. To whom are the mate's receipts delivered? 11. What document is made out on the basis of these receipts?
12. Why does the second mate retain a copy of each bill of lading? 13. Why shouldn't the master sign post-dated or ante-dated bills of lading? 14. When are a stowage plan and cargo manifest compiled?