II. Ask your parlner questions and make him give brief answers using the model.
Model: The ship should be backed to slop tier headway.
What should be done to stop the ship's headway? She should be backed.
I. The mooring lines should be passed ashore to secure the ship to the bollards. 2. The off-shore anchor should be dropped to keep her securely berthed.
3. Rat-guards should be placed on all the lines to prevent rats from getting aboard.
4. The mooring lines should be watched to prevent them from becoming too taut or too slack. 5. The engine should be stopped to prevent the ship from bumping against the quay.
III. Listen to the short dialogues, repeat each sentence during the pauses and learn the dialogues by heart:
"We have just enough revolutions to keep her moving ahead."
"Then we'll have to stop the engine altogether; the ship has too much headway."
***
"We have just enough time to get under way." "Then we should hurry up."
***
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"Get the heaving line ready!" "Heaving line ready, sir!"
"Bend on (= Secure it to) the head-rope. Now, pay it out."
IV. Listen to each of the long dialogues again and retell briefly tlieir contents from the point of view of: (a) one speaker, (b) the other speaker, (c) an onlooker.
Make your partner ask you about some details which you missed.
V. Write the dictation:
When a ship approaches her berth she must proceed at slow speed. Heaving lines, mooring ropes and fenders should be ready for use. Both anchors must be ready to let go.
The third mate is usually on the forecastle deck and the second mate is on the after deck. They both attend to the berthing of the ship. The captain directs the work from the bridge.
At an appropriate distance from the berth the engine is stopped. The ship's headway is used to bring the ship alongside the quay. The engine and the rudder are used from time to time to help the ship to do so. The off-shore anchor is sometimes dropped for the same purpose. When the ship is near her berth, heaving lines and mooring ropes are passed ashore. The mooring ropes are secured to the shore bollards. Ships make fast either alongside the quay or stern to. In both cases the mooring ropes should be constantly watched.
VI. Practise In pairs enacting the following situations. You act as the captain, your partner — as the pilot in (a) and as a member of the crew in (b). Then you change your parts.
(a) Your ship is leaving the anchorage and is proceeding to her allocated berth. You discuss with the pilot the situation. He recommends you to take a tug because there is a heavy traffic in the port. You discuss with him all the details of
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mooring and ask him about the depth and character of ground near the berth. He answers all your questions and suggests what preparations should be made for effective mooring.
(b) Your ship is mooring. You give your crew commands for approaching the berth and for making the ship fast to shore bollards.
VII. Translate into English:
Я хочу рассказать вам, как мы швартовались однажды в речном порту. Портовый лоцман поднялся на судно еще в устье реки. Капитан начал расспрашивать его об условиях швартовки в этом порту. Лоцман рассказал, что течение там очень сильное, 7—8 узлов. Высота прилива тоже очень большая — до 5 метров. Глубины на входе малые, форватер узкий. Судно может входить в порт только в полную воду. У причала глубины 8—8,5 метров. Судно должно швартоваться лагом левым бортом носом против течения. По правилам порта взятие буксира является обязательным. При швартовке судно должно подрабатывать своей машиной. Судно должно иметь наготове бросательные концы, носовые и кормовые продольные концы, шпринги и прижимные концы. Судно должно иметь свои кранцы (10—12 штук). К причалу мы подходили очень осторожно на малом ходу. Застопорили машину, затем дали самый малый назад, чтобы погасить инерцию судна. Отдали правый якорь, судно развернулось на якоре. Начали потравливать якорь-цепь и приблизились к причалу. С бака подали бросательный конец и носовой шпринг. Буксир помог прижать корму к причалу. Затем подали на берег все остальные концы и закрепили их на пушках.
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LESSON 5
TOWING
Words and Word Combinations
to require требовать
to tow буксировать
to shift перешвартовываться, переводить на другой причал job работа
to happen случаться, происходить
bottom дно, днище, подводная часть судна repairs ремонт
hull корпус судна
tow-line буксирный трос, конец steel wire стальная проволока length длина; отрезок, конец (троса) to afford предоставлять, давать
to communicate (with) сноситься (с кем-л.), поддерживать связь order порядок, последовательность
to be going собираться, намереваться to fix устанавливать, улаживать beforehand заранее
exact точный
to settle устраивать, урегулировать, договариваться to advise советовать
to charge назначать цену to shorten укорачивать spare запасной
port quarter с кормы по левому борту
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lo'c'sle ['fouksl] = forcastle бак, полубак to order заказывать
Expressions
in a number of cases в ряде случаев
the ship is disabled судно потеряло управление
to make arrangements уславливаться, договариваться, делать приготовления, принимать меры
I'll let you know я вам сообщу (дам знать)
I'll take your advice я последую вашему совету to take in tow брать на буксир
to leave the port выйти из порта
to get into touch связаться, установить контакт (с кем-л.) to rig the bridle завести брагу
TEXT
Ships may need towing in a number of cases. When in port, tugs may be required to take ships to or from their berths. Sometimes it may be necessary to shift the ship from one berth to another and the port tug is usually ordered to do this job.
It may also happen that the ship will need dry docking for cleaning the bottom and repairs to the hull. A tug-boat will then be required to manoeuvre the ship into the dock.
A ship may become disabled at sea and in this case she will need some other vessel or a tug to tow her to the nearest port.
Big ships require big tow-lines. Most modern vessels are provided with steel wire tow-lines of sufficient length. It is advisable to use wire hawsers connected with a good length of manila rope, as this will afford the necessary elasticity to tow-lines. Tug-boat towing the vessels may either pull them or push them ahead.
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The towing and towed vessels communicate with each other to coordinate their actions. Nowadays they usually do it by VHF radiotelephone.
It should be added here that ships communicate with each other and with shore in a number of ways: by radio, by flags, by light and sound signals and by semaphore. The International Convention adopted a uniform system of International Code Signals which is widely used by all the countries. In this system a single letter or combination of letters signifies a whole sentence.
When the ship receives these signals the watch officer translates them into letters (or their combinations) and finds their meaning in the code book, where they are grouped in certain order.
Single-letter signals are used to denote urgent or very common messages. For instance, signal "G" means: "I require a pilot". As it was mentioned above, they also have a special meaning when used between towing and towed vessels. For example, the same signal "G" in this case means: "Cast off the towing hawser", the signal "A" signifies: "The towing hawser is fast", etc.
DIALOGUES
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CAPTAIN. I shall require a tug tomorrow to take my ship to another berth. AGENT. At what time are you going to shift?
CAPTAIN. We'll be ready to start at about 5 p.m. AGENT. Shall I order the tug for 5 p.m.?
CAPTAIN. Yes, that's what I was going to ask of you. So, please order the tug to be here by 5 p. m. tomorrow.
AGENT. Well, the time is fixed then. Shall I also order the tug beforehand to take you out of the port?
CAPTAIN. Yes, kindly make preliminary arrangements with the tug company for Friday this week. I am leaving your port on that day.
AGENT. What hour shall I order the tug for?
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CAPTAIN. I cannot tell you the exact hour as yet, I think I'll let you know the exact time on Wednesday.
AGENT. Good, that's settled then. I would advise you to order two tugs, because there is a very strong current in the entrance and the port tugs are not very powerful.
CAPTAIN. How much do they charge for towage?
AGENT. They charge Ј, 15 for each tug to take the ship out of port. CAPTAIN. All right. I'll take your advice. Thank you. So, please order two
tugs for Friday.
2