II. Ask your partner questions and make him answer them using the
model.
Model: Both anchor chains must be paid out. Shall we pay them out one after the other? Yes, we shall.
1. The ship's speed must be reduced. 2. The engine must be stopped. 3. The soundings must be taken. 4. The radiogram must be sent.
III. Listen to the short dialogues, repeat each sentence during the pauses and learn the dialogues by heart:
"Shall we anchor at the outer roadstead?" "Yes, we'll have to wait for the tide."
"I think, we'll make a standing moor there." "Yes, there's a strong current there."
***
"What's the nature of the bottom there?"
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"Stiff mud and patches of sand."
"That's good. Is there enough room for swinging?" "Yes, there's plenty."
IV. Listen to each of the long dialogues again and retell briefly their contents from the point of view of: (a) one speaker, (b) the other speaker, (c) an onlooker.
Make your partner ask you about some details which you missed.
V. Write the dictation:
Ships anchor either inside or outside the harbour. They may ride to one or to two anchors. As a rule, before anchoring, the ship's head must be brought up into the wind. With a strong current or tidal stream the ship should be stem on to the current. Before the ship reaches the anchorage, both anchors must be ready to let go. The captain sees to the anchoring of his ship. At the proper moment he gives the command to let go the port or starboard anchor. The third mate is usu-'.lly at the forecastle and reports to the bridge how much of chain has been paid out. After anchoring, the watch officer takes anchorage bearings and soundings and enters this information into the log book.
VI. Practise in pairs enacting the following situations. You act as the captain, your partner—as the pilot. Then you change your parts.
(a) Your vessel is nearing the port you are bound for. The pilot says that most probably your ship will have to anchor in the inner harbour. You ask him about conditions on that anchorage (depth, bottom, whether sheltered or not and from what winds, etc.). He answers all your questions and then warns that as there is pretty strong stream at the anchorage you'd better make all preliminary preparations for anchoring there. As the Captain of the ship, you give necessary orders for your crew.
(b) You ask your pilot about navigational directions for entering the port and then proceeding to the inner anchorage allotted to you. The pilot names you the
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marks and lights to be kept in line when proceeding to your place. As an example, take some actual port which you know better. Say aloud all the commands that you'll have to use in this case.
VII. Translate into English:
Суда становятся на якорь на внутреннем или внешнем рейде. При подходе к якорному месту оба якоря должны быть готовы к отдаче. Перед отдачей якоря судно разворачивают носом к ветру. При сильном течении судно должно держаться носом против течения. После этого судну дают задний ход машиной и отдают один якорь. Затем вытравливают якорь-цепь. После этого, если необходимо, отдают второй якорь. Судно может стоять на одном или на обоих якорях. Длина вытравленной цепи зависит от многих причин: погоды, глубины якорной стоянки, характера грунта, размера судна и т. д. На якорной стоянке должно быть достаточно места для разворота судна на якоре. После того как судно поставлено на якорь, вахтенный помощник должен взять пеленги на береговые ориентиры. Он должен также промерить глубины на якорном месте. Эти данные он заносит в судовой журнал.
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LESSON 4
MOORING
Words and Word Combinations
fenders кранцы
app-opriate соответствующий, подходящий, надлежащий headway передний ход, инерция переднего хода sternway задний ход, инерция заднего хода steerage-way ход, достаточный для управления рулем
to back дать задний ход heaving line бросательный конец ashore на берегу; на берег head-rope носовой швартов bow spring носовой шпринг breast line прижимной швартов stern rope кормовой швартов stern spring кормовой шпринг to secure крепить, закреплять bollard причальная тумба
as well as так же как
to heave (heaved, hove) тянуть, выбирать, подтягивать taut тугой, натянутый (о канате)
slack слабый, имеющий слабину (о канате) to veer in выбирать (конец веревки)
to veer out травить, вытравливать compulsory принудительный
congested waters ограниченная, стесненная акватория to need нуждаться, иметь потребность (в чем-л.)
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crane кран
tied up ошвартованный, привязанный to dredge углублять дно
to sign подписывать quay набережная, стенка
Expressions
to make fast alongside швартоваться лагом to make fast stern to швартоваться кормой
| to get moored | ||
| to get berthed | ошвартоваться | |
| to get tied up | ||
| to bring the ship alongside the quay | поставить судно к причалу, | |
| to work the ship into her berth | ошвартоваться | |
to make the starboard (port) landing ошвартоваться правым (левым)
бортом
to get alongside starboard (port) side to швартоваться правым (левым)
бортом
do run out a line подать (вытравить) конец it is advisable рекомендуется
to swing the bow to starboard (port) развернуть носом вправо (влево),
уваливать
to sheer the stern from the quay отвести («отбить») корму от причала to double up fore and aft завести дуплини с носа и кормы
TEXT
Ships make fast to a wharf either alongside or stern to.
When approaching a berth ships must proceed at slow speed. On deck, heaving lines and mooring ropes, as well as fenders, should be ready for use. The
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anchors must be ready to let go.
At an appropriate distance from the berth the engine is stopped and the ship's headway is used to bring her alongside the wharf. This headway should be just enough to keep the ship moving ahead without losing steerage-way. If a ship has too much headway it should be stopped by backing the ship with the engine or by letting the anchor go. As a matter of fact, only the off-shore anchor is dropped and then a heaving line is passed ashore. Ahead-rope, a bow spring and two breast lines are run out from the ship and secured to bollards ashore.
Working on these lines, as well as on the stern rope and stern spring which are also run out in due time, the ship is hove into her berth and made fast.
After the ship is secured in her berth, rat-guards should be placed on all the lines. For permanent moorings wire ropes are preferred to ordinary fiber ropes.
All the mooring lines should be constantly watched, as the change of weather or rise and fall of tide can make the lines too taut or too slack and this will necessitate from time to time veering them in or out. In stormy weather the ships secured in their berths usually have to double up fore and aft.
DIALOGUES
1
CAPTAIN. Is taking a tug compulsory here?
PILOT. No, it is not compulsory, but it is advisable, and I shall tell you why. There are several strong currents in the harbour and as there is a lot of traffic now, it is pretty difficult to manoeuvre in congested waters.
CAPTAIN. Will the tug take us only into the port or will she bring the ship alongside the wharf?
PILOT. Yes, the tug will work the ship into her berth. CAPTAIN. At what berth shall we moor?
PILOT. We shall moor at Berth No. 17.
CAPTAIN. We shall need a 15-ton crane to discharge heavy-lifts.
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PILOT. Your agent must have been informed about it as there is a 15-ton crane at the berth.
CAPTAIN. That's good. Which side shall we make a landing? PILOT. We shall make a starboard side landing.
2
CAPTAIN. So, where are we going to berth?
PILOT. Do you see, sir, a vacant place between the two big tankers tied up stern to?
CAPTAIN. Do you mean those two big tankers over there with streamlined funnels?
PILOT. Yes, that's what I mean, and that's where we should now steer for. CAPTAIN. There isn't too much space there, anyhow, but still enough to get
the ship moored alongside. What is the depth alongside the berth? PILOT. The depth is five fathoms, sir.
CAPTAIN. Is the bottom even there?
PILOT. No, there must be a little hump some 30 yards from the wharf, as the bottom was recently dredged.
CAPTAIN. Which side shall we go alongside? PILOT. We shall go along starboard side. CAPTAIN. Shall we drop an anchor?
PILOT. Yes, sir. We shall drop the port anchor.
3
PILOT. The ship has too much headway, sir. I think it's time to back her. CAPTAIN. Slow astern! Helm a-port! You know, she swings her bow to
starboard on backing.
PILOT. I see. Now, sir, give her a little swing to port. Steady so! Is your port anchor ready?
CAPTAIN. The port anchor is ready. Stand by the port anchor!
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PILOT. Let go the port anchor, sir.
CAPTAIN. Let go the port anchor! Veer out the cable handsomely! Send on shore the heaving line! Send on shore the bow spring!
PILOT. That's right, sir. We must get the bow in first. CAPTAIN. Yes, now we can heave the ship alongside.
PILOT. I think, sir, you must now steer the stern a little off the pier. CAPTAIN. Good. I think I'll start heaving the bow alongside with the bow
lines.
4
PILOT, Well, sir, my pilot duties are over. I must be off. Will you kindly sign the pilot form?
CAPTAIN. Very much obliged for your assistance. What must I fill up in this form?
PILOT. Please fill in the ship's name, her draft, her registered tonnage, the date and your name.
CAPTAIN. Where must I sign my name? Oh, yes, thank you. Here you are. Hope to see you again.
PILOT. Thank you very much. Good-bye.
COMMANDS FOR MOORING
Give on shore the heaving line! Send on shore the head-rope! Send on shore the stern rope! Send on shore (he bow spring! Send on shore the stern spring! Send on shore the breast line! Pay away the bow spring!
Pay away the stern rope!
Подать бросательный! Подать носовой! Подать кормовой! Подать носовой шпринг! Подать кормовой шпринг! Подать прижимной!
Потравить носовой шпринг! Потравить кормовой!
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Check the head-rope! Check the stern spring! Check the breast line! Make fast the bow spring! Make fast the stern rope! Make all fast!
Cast off the head-rope! Let go the head-rope! Heave in the bow spring! Hold on!
Avast heaving in! Veer out handsomely! Veer out cheerily! Heave in aft!
Haul in the slack! Haul taut!
Haul fast!
Ship the fenders! Unship the fenders!
Fleet the cable upon the windlass! Lower down the ladder!
Задержать носовой! Задержать кормовой шпринг! Задержать прижимной! Крепить носовой шпринг! Крепить кормовой!
Так крепить! (Так стоять будем!) Отдать носовой!
Вира носовой! Стоп выбирать!
Травить помалу! Травить веселее!
Выбрать кормовые швартовы Выбрать слабину!
Выбрать втугую!
Подложить кранцы! Убрать кранцы!
Обнести швартов на брашпиль! Спустить трап!
LABORATORY EXERCISES
I. Listen to the text of the lesson again and answer the following questions!
1. How do ships make fast to a wharf? 2. At what speed should a ship approach the berth? 3, What should be made ready for use on deck? 4. What is the ship's headway used for in this case? 5. What should be done if the ship has too much headway? 6. When the ship has approached the berth what line is passed
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ashore first? 7. What other ropes are run out from the ship and secured to the bollards ashore? 8. How is the ship hove into her berth? 9. Where are rat-guards placed? 10. Why should the mooring lines be constantly watched? 11. Why should we veer in the ropes from time to time? 12. When should we veer them out? 13. In what weather should we double up the lines? 14. How should the lines be watched if the weather is changeable?