Read and study the words and word combinations from the text “Surface mining”
Text 1
Read and translate texts (1-4)
Read and study the words and word combinations from the text “Surface mining”
1. surface mining – открытая добыча, открытая разработка
2. soil -почва
3. rock -порода
4. cover - покрывать
5. mineral deposits – месторождения/залежи минералов
6. to remove -удалять
7. underground mining – подземная добыча
8. overlying rock -вышележащая порода
9. to be left behind – остаться позади
10. required mineral deposit -нужное,требуемое месторождение
11. removed through shafts or tunnels -удалены через шахты и тоннели
12. solid minerals -твердые минералы
13. obtain - получать
14. sand - песок
15. gravel- гравий
16. crushed stone -щебень
17. phosphates - фосфаты
18. coal -уголь
19. copper- медь
20. iron - железо
21. aluminum- алюминий
22. in various degrees – в различной степени
23. for different resources – для различных природных ресурсов
24. strip mining – разработка пластов
25. mountaintop removal – удаление горных вершин
26. dredging – выемка грунта
27. high wall mining – добыча с высоких стен
28. waste material | overburden- пустая порода\вскрышная порода, вскрышка
29. complications in terms of electricity and water – сложности с электричеством и водой
Surface Mining
Surface mining is a form of mining in which the soil and rock covering the mineral deposits are removed. It is the other way of underground mining, in which the over lying rock is left behind, and the required mineral deposits are removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining accounts for two thirds of the world’s solid minerals, and is used in obtaining sand, gravel, crushed stone, phosphates, coal, copper, iron and aluminium.
There are 5 main types of surface mining, which are used in various degrees and for different resources.
These mining categories are:
1. strip mining
2. open-pit mining
3. mountaintop removal
4. dredging
5. high wall mining
All methods of surface mining will remove the waste material, or overburden above the desired resource. Surface mining is often preferred to sub-surface (underground mining) by mining companies for several reasons. It is less expensive, there are fewer complications in terms of electricity and water, and it is safer.
Exercise 1.
Say if the following statements are true or false:
1. Surface mining is a form of explosion in which the soil and rock are obtained.
2. Surface mining accounts for one third of the world’s solid minerals.
3. There are four main types of surface mining, which are used in various degrees and for different resources.
4. Surface mining less expensive but more hazardous.
Text 2