10. Special drills are likely to have been used in establishing this new pasture.
11. For a pasture mixture to give the highest yields, its components must be well adapted to soil and climatic conditions of a given region.
12.
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Seedbed for pasture plants should be sufficiently firm to obtain a uniform, shallow covering of the seed.
Listening and Speaking Focus
Watch the video: Grassland management. - URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuMHF5CQ0sk (accessed 01.11.2022).
a) answer the questions below:
1. What are two basic grazing systems in grassland management?
2. What are plants that livestock do not like?
3. What is a rotational system?
4. What are reasons of managing grasslands through rotational grazing?
5. Why and how is hill farming used?
b) make a plan and a summary of the video.
c) discussion:
1. What factors are of the greatest importance in grassland management?
2. Why shouldn't legumes be grown in mixtures with grasses when they're to be used for soil improvement?
3. Can the mixture of clover, alfalfa and timothy be grown in your region?
LESSON 21.2. SWEETCLOVER FOR SOIL IMPROVEMENT
1. Fill in the gaps with the following words in the appropriate form: due, due to, to be due to, means, by means of, to mean, result, to result, to result in, to result from.
1. A relatively low productivity of most pasture lands ... the following: lack of soil fertility, improper grazing programme, and insufficient moisture.
2. Manure applied as a top dressing to pastures usually ... increasing yields of forage.
3. Lime gives best ... if it can be applied in the fall of the year preceding seeding and worked into the soil at that time.
4. ... tillage operation is a good ... of improving soil condition.
5. Since seedlings of sugar beets are very small and weak, poor stands usually ... seeding on a lumpy, improperly prepared seedbed.
6. Applications of stable manure are not recommended with oats, as the nitrogen of manure causes heavy vegetative growth and lodging often ... .
7. One may improve soil structure ... proper tillage practices, applications of manure and growing of plants with different root systems.
8. ... lodging of high-yielding rye varieties this crop is not so extensively grown as it should be.
9. Oats are believed to be not adapted to heavy fertilization, but it does not ... that medium or light applications of fertilizers should not be used.
2. Translate from Russian into English. Use the Vocabulary Focus and text A of this Unit. Complete the task in written form.