3. Why should a farmer get manure in the ground as quickly as possible?
4. What are the advantages of using dry manure?
https://youtu.be/OBeCbDh8kKw
LESSON 9.2
8. Translate the sentences paying attention to the word meaning of since:
1. We have not discussed this problem since last year.
2. Since this cropXrequires a long growing season it should be planted in early spring.
3. Since there is not enough organic matter in this soil, green manure crops are to be grown on it.
4. This corn variety has been cultivated in our region since 1980.
9. Translate the following word combinations.
unlike cereals; like cereals; to be rich in nutrients; to be low in organic matter; to be high in organic matter; to depend on; one should know; neither nitrogen nor phosphorus; either nitrogen or phosphorus; both nitrogen and phosphorus; nitrogen as well as phosphorus; most soils; most favourable conditions; more favourable conditions; less favourable conditions; since 1970; since this soil is deficient in nitrogen...
10. Translate from Russian into English. Use the Vocabulary Focus and text A of this Unit. Complete the task in written form.
а)
1. Урожаи зависят от почвенного плодородия.
2. Плодородная почва содержит много питательных веществ и влаги.
3. Содержание органического вещества сильно влияет на плодородие почвы.
4. Навоз и минеральные удобрения должны компенсировать потери питательных веществ вследствие эрозии и выщелачивания.
5. Чтобы повысить плодородие почвы, можно использовать сидеральные культуры.
6. Эти культуры увеличивают количество органического вещества в почве и его доступность для растений.
b)
1. Плодородие почвы сильно влияет на урожай с.-х. культур.
2. Плодородная почва должна быть теплой, достаточно влажной и должна иметь хорошую структуру.
3. Запас питательных веществ для растений зависит от количества органического вещества, которое содержится в почве.
4. Питательные вещества выносятся растениями и теряются вследствие эрозии и выщелачивания.
5. Их можно компенсировать путем внесения в почву навоза и удобрений.
6. Навоз улучшает почву, так как содержит азот, фосфор и калий.
7. На почвах с низким содержанием органического вещества нужно выращивать культуры, идущие на зеленое удобрение.
8. Эти культуры увеличивают количество азота в почве.
9. Сидеральные культуры могут также повышать доступность питательных веществ для растений.
11. Specify sentences that do not correspond to text A. Correct them accordingly.
1. A fertile soil is either acid or alkaline.
2. Soil fertility depends on the amount of the organic matter contained.
3. Plant nutrients removed from the soil by the growing plants cannot be compensated.
4. Green manure crops arc grown on the soil rich in organic matter.
5. Green manures always increase the organic matter content of the soil.
12. Read and translate text B without a dictionary, title it. Define the meaning of words in bold according to the context.
Text В
Organic matter made up of living material is an important component that may greatly influence physical, chemical and bioligical processes that take place in the soil.
Organic matter which includes crop and animal residues is of great value in its effect, as it improves soil structure. Due to organic matter contained the soil can better absorb and hold water thus reducing considerably the losses of valuable nutrients by leaching and erosion.
Having decomposed, organic matter forms humus which increases the availability of mineral matter for nutrition. It also can make a heavy soil lighter.
Organic matter favours the growth and development of beneficial types of bacteria in the soil It can also store nitrogen needed by growing plants.
If organic matter is contained in a proper amount, it helps the soil to absorb heat from the sun and warm up more easily.
The amount of organic matter the soil accumulates is dependent upon soil and climatic conditions and upon the way in which the land is used. If the soil is cultivated too intensively, or if no crops are grown in the area for long periods, the supply of organic matter in the soil is reduced.
13. Find the definition to the word « гумус » in text B.
14. Basing on text B name in Russian (in English) the function of organic matter in soil.
Listening and Speaking Focus
Watch the video and answer the questions:
1. What are the negative factors with manure?
2. What’s the role of bacteria in composting?
3. When do nutrients release faster: if you are composting or if you use manure?
4. How long does the normal process of composting typically take?
https://youtu.be/AmjvmRX5jHI