7. Higilight the sentences in which the word that is equivalent to the Russian word который .
1. The climate of Moscow is colder than that of Krasnodar.
2. We know that millets belong to the grass family.
3. That experiment was conducted two years ago.
4. The experiment that was conducted two years ago gave very good results.
5. The optimum temperature for cotton is higher than that for small grains.
6. It has been shown by experiments that the quality of grain depends on the soil used.
7. The variety of wheat that will be grown on our farm is highly productive.
8. We need a good soil for our experiment, that is, the one that is supplied with the necessary amount of water and nutrients.
9. Corn is a good source of grain and forage: that is why it is widely grown by farmers.
8. List the traits of plants that can be modified with the help of selection (in English, orally).
Listening and Speaking Focus
Watch the video, answer the following questions:
1. What idea did Gregor Mendel propose?
2. Were the initial attempts in plant breeding successful?
3. What two key steps does the selection process involve?
4. What is evaluation carried out for?
5. What are the existing best varieties called?
6. Why is distribution so important?
7. What does the success of any crop improvement programme depend on?
https://youtu.be/GpDbKfTLLzs
LESSON 6.2. A NEW HYBRID.
Grammar and Vocabulary activities
1. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words from text A in the appropriate form.
1. Improving ... of crop plants is the aim of the science known as plant breeding.
2. Early ... is a highly important plant characteristic in areas where the growing period is short.
3. Winter cereals should with-stand fall and spring frosts, that is, they should possess …
4. The most... breeding work has been done in improving corn.
5. The aim of ... or the crossing of two or more varieties is obtaining a hybrid ... better inherited characteristics.
6. Very often high yields of good-quality grain can be produced due to ... of superior varieties from other regions or other countries.
7. Rye being a plant, any class of soil may be used in growing this crop.
8. Selection should ... and ... hybridization.
2. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the words and word combinations fron the texts and Vocabulary Focus section of this Unit. Complete the task in writing.
а)
1. Наследственность растений можно изменить.
2. Селекционеры выводят новые сорта.
3. Знание генетики необходимо для выведения новых сортов.
4. При выведении нового сорта используются достижения многих наук.
5. В некоторых условиях желательными признаками пшеницы являются зимостойкость и устойчивость к полеганию.
6. Гибридизация – это метод получения нового сорта скрещиванием двух или более сортов.
b)
1. Наследственность растений можно изменить и улучшить селекцией.
2. Раньше улучшение растений и выведение новых сортов производилось путем отбора лучших типов.
3. Сейчас многие признаки растений, такие, как урожайность, зимостойкость, засухоустойчивость и другие, успешно улучшаются нашими селекционерами.
4. Для выведения новых сортов нужно использовать достижения многих наук.
5. Новый улучшенный сорт можно вывести скрещиванием двух или более сортов, соединяя желательные признаки в одном сорте.
6. Каждый сорт, выведенный для данных климатических условий, обладает определенными полезными признаками.
Listening and Speaking Focus