Infinitive - Past Simple - Past Participle
| Simple past and past participle the same. Ending in t or d bend - bent - bent dream - dreamt - dreamt feel - felt - felt get - got - got (gotten US) hear - heard - heard hold - held - held learn - learnt - learnt meet - met - met stand - stood - stood tell - told – told _______________________________ 2 Past simple and past participle ending in ɔːt bring - brought - brought seek – sought - sought teach - taught – taught __________________________ 3-eep.-ept.-ept - keep - kept - kept weep - wept – wept __________________________ 4 no change bet - bet - bet cut - cut - cut hit - hit – hit _________________________ | 5 No obvious “family”! be/am/is/are - was/were - been go - went - been/gone run - ran - run see - saw - seen strike - struck - struck win - won – won __________________________ 6 past participle -own blow - blew - blown fly - flew - flown grow - grew – grown __________________________ 7 past participle -en beat - beat - beaten bite - bit - bitten eat - ate - eaten mistake - mistook - mistaken write - wrote – written __________________________ 8 -ea [eə] -ore[ɔː] -orn[ɔːn] bear bore born swear swore sworn __________________________ 9-i- -a- -u- begin - began - begun drink - drank - drunk _________________________ |
57. Put these time adverbials in the correct part of the table. Some of them can go in more than one box.
Yesterday, before, after, until, no sooner …… than, by the time, last week, ten days ago, in 1957, from 1941 to 2018, yesterday at 5 o’clock, always, constantly, when, before, as soon as, for, since, ever since, hardly, scarcely, barely …….. when
| Past Simple | |
| Past Continuous | |
| Past Perfect | |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
58. Match the two halves of the sentences (1-6) with (a-f) .
| 1. She had been sitting thinking for several minutes 2. She was speaking with her tutor 3. Before she entered the university, 4. He worked on his research papers all day 5. When spring came, 6. My father used to | a. when the telephone rang. b. so he looked very tired. c. teach me important things in life. d. everything came alive. e. when I came into the classroom. f. she had worked as a sales assistant. |
*59. Match the two halves of the sentences. Open the brackets using Past Simple, Past Perfect, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
| Note: When we begin a sentence with a negative word, we put the auxiliary verb before the subject. · No sooner had I arrived than Tony told me that good news. (NOT No sooner I had arrived than Tony told me the good news.) |
| 1. No sooner (to fall) I asleep when I realized that | a. before they (to go) home. |
| 2. Yesterday the children (to play) here for 5 hours | b.as soon as he (to arrive) in Novgorod. |
| 3. He went to see his grandfather | c. the telephone (to ring) for 15 minutes. |
| 4. Last summer I (to go) to the mountains, but | d . I (not to find) the rest there as pleasant as near the sea. |
| 5. After they (return), | e. they told us many interesting things. |
60. Fill in the gaps with the verb from the box in Past Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous. Use each verb once.
put work lose sleep start build climb make collect happen rain plant
1. When I left the house I took an umbrella because it _____________.
2. He succeeded in his exams because he ___________hard the last semester.
3. How long ago did they ___________ plant?
4. While they ___________ the mountain, the weather changed.
5. The lecture___________ by the time we got there.
6. To help improve the environment they ___________ litter from the parks, ___________ paper and cans into recycling bins, ___________ more than 1000 trees.
7. Everyone _____________ when the earthquake hit the small town.
8. I ____________ two mistakes in the last quiz.
9. Nothing much _____________ when I got to the meeting.
10. I was upset because our team ____________ the game.
61. In pairs make 6-8 sentences about yourself with Past Tense Forms. Use the prompts below if necessary.
Last year (summer, two years ago, when I was at school ) I…
When I came home ….(already)
When I was staying at … I…
After I ….. I…
TEST YOURSELF
Vocabulary
62. Decide which answer a, b or c best fits each space.
SAVE IT
In recent years, the number of 1) ................. problems has increased dangerously. For example, changes to the 2).................... which led to the 3).................. effect, making climate warmer in most countries. Global warming is already affecting a number of areas in the world causing unusual weather with 4) ................. or heavy storms. Cutting down on 5)................ fumes from vehicles would help improve the situation. Natural 6)................ such as oil and coal are not endless, so using other forms of 7)................ e.g. wind, sun, water and even sea waves, would help 8) ............... our planet. Very soon we will be able to drive cars in cities and towns that run on electricity – a much cleaner 9) .................. than petrol. And we can also help save natural resources, such as trees and sand, by 10)................. things made of glass, plastic and paper.
| 1. a. environment | b. environmental | c. polluting |
| 2. a. atmosphere | b. soil | c. ocean |
| 3. a. warming | b. damaging | c. greenhouse |
| 4. a. draughts | b. drafts | c. droughts |
| 5. a. exhaust | b. exhausting | c. exhausted |
| 6. a. sources | b. resources | c. materials |
| 7. a. energy | b. fuel | c. resources |
| 8. a. conserve | b. mitigate | c. preserve |
| 9. a. fuel | b. substance | c. power |
| 10. a. reducing | b. recycling | c. conserving |
Grammar