The Past Perfect Tense: had + participle II
We use Past Perfect:
| • for an action completed before a certain moment or other action in the past • with “after”, “before” |
Study the examples:
1. By 9 o’clock they had prepared everything for the conference.
2. After the Summit had reached an agreement, the participants witnessed the beginning of the constructive work.
45. Watch these videos and note down how the Past Perfect Tense is used.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vq6x9Am6lBI (In Russian)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3HRUtZCAa4 HYPERLINK "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3HRUtZCAa4%20(In"(In English)
46. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Tense. Explain the meaning of the tense forms or translate the sentences into Russian.
1. When I arrived, the play ______ (start). 2. She ______ (live) in Sochi before she went to Moscow. 3. After they ______ (eat) oysters, they began to feel sick. 4. If you ______ (listen) to me, you would have got the job. 5. We were late for the plane because we _______ (forget) our passports. 6. She told me she _______ (study) a lot before the exam. 7.The lights went off because we _______ (not/pay) the electricity bill. 8. I ______ (not/have) yet dinner when he arrived. 9. He _______ (not/use) email before, so I showed him how to use it. 10. I _______ (not/study) for the test, so I was very nervous.
47. Ask questions to the following sentences. Then make negative sentences.
1. His English was perfect because he had lived in England as a child. 2. The students had finished translating the article by 5 o’clock yesterday. 3. She had trained a lot before the competition. 4. When the taxi arrived, they had already finished packing. 5. He said that the climate had got worse since the last century.
48. Underline the correct form in each pair.
The Thrilling Wonder Stories, by Ray Bradbury were first published in August 1948. This story 1.told/was telling about the "Second Expedition" to Mars. The expedition was a group of four men. The astronauts 2.arrived/had arrived to find the Martians to be strangely unresponsive to their presence. The one exception to this was a group of Martians in a building who 3.greeted/were greeting them with a parade. Several of the Martians in the building 4.claimed/had claimed to be from Earth or from other planets of the solar system, and the captain slowly 5.realized/ had realized that the Martians’ gift for telepathy 6.allowed/ was allowing others to view the hallucinations of the insane, and that they 7.had been placed/ were placed in an insane asylum. By that time they understood that the Martians they 8.had encountered/encountered 9.were/ had been a projected hallucination.