21a. SYNONYM MATCH. Match the words with their equivalents.
| 1. revealed 2. significant 3. impact 4. period 5. impede 6. warning 7. toxic 8. published 9. solve 10. reduce | a. effect b. lessen c. slow, hinder d. poisonous e. serious and important f. printed/issued g. showed h. work out a solution i. time frame j. caution |
21b. Rewrite each sentence below replacing the underlined words by the word in the box so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Translate the sentences into Russian if necessary.
E.g. The difficult driving conditions led to several accidents.(cause)
The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents.
1. I think this problem is serious and we need to consider it carefully.
2. We are just beginning to understand the effect of pollution on nature.
3. High winds hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the fire.
4. She suffered a massive exposure to poisonous chemicals.
5. We’ve worked out all our difficulties.
6. The survey showed that up to 90 % employers use temporary workers.
7. According to dietitians we should lessen our red meat consumption.
8. They issued a caution that the escaped criminals were dangerous.
9. The order was issued to stay at home because of the epidemic.
10. The time frame within which all this occurred was from September 2008 to March 2009.
22. TEST EACH OTHER. Look at the words below. With your partner, try to recall how they were used in text B.
Falls, published, period, taken, impede, rest, areas, fourth, exposed, 60, concrete.
23. SPEAKING. Recount Text B using the words from the text as clues:
Revealed, significant, air pollution, responsible, notable falls, test scores, cognitive performance, took place, impede, cognitive ability, the rest of the world, a warning, toxic air, worldwide, exposed to, polluted air, damage to, intelligence, equated, impact, equivalent, warn, shortcut, solve, issue, take measures, reduce pollution.
24. MORE WORDS FROM READING. Match the words in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.
A. B.
| I. 1. throughout the world 2. advance 3. take measures 4. considerable 5. scale | I. a. продвижение вперёд, успех b. значительный c. масштаб, размер d. принимать меры e. по всему миру |
| II. 1. however 2. growth 3. evident 4. deal with 5. several | II. a. рост b. несколько c. иметь дело d. однако, тем не менее e. очевидный |
| III. 1. achieve 2. increase 3. purpose 4. bring about 5. carry out | III. a. увеличиваться b. проводить, выполнять c. вызывать d. достигать e. цель, назначение |
| IV. 1. realise 2. area 3. similar 4. therefore 5. recycle V. 1. way 2. reach 3. remain 4. solve 5. still | IV. a. подобный, схожий b. понимать, осознавать c. следовательно, поэтому d. перерабатывать e. область V. a. решать b. дорога, способ c. всё ещё d. достичь, добиться e. оставаться |
25. VOCABULARY QUIZ.
1. An adjective meaning ‘something large or of noticeable importance’
e.g. The fire caused ~ damage.
2. An adjective meaning ‘easily seen or understood’
e.g. The full extent of the damage only became ~ the next morning.
3. A number of, fewer than many
e.g. I’ve seen this film ~ times.
4. A phrasal verb meaning ‘to cause something to happen’.
e.g. We are working ~ changes in the industry
5. An adjective meaning ‘looking or being almost, but not exactly the same’.
e.g. My father and I have ~ views on politics
6. What word describes the relation between the real size of something and its size on a map?
e.g. This map is large ~.
7. A phrasal verb meaning ‘to take action in order to achieve something or solve a problem’
e.g. How do you intend to ~ with this problem?
8. To make a decision or agree about something
e.g. When the decision is ~ we’ll inform you.
9. A phrasal verb meaning ‘to perform or complete a job or activity’
e.g. I was asked ~ a program.
10. A verb which means ‘to stay in the same place or condition or to continue to exist’
e.g. Only a few hundred of these animals ~ today.
11. An adverb meaning ‘despite this’, often used as a linking word to contrast ideas
e.g. This is one possible solution to the problem. ~, there are others.
12. A verb which means to succeed in finishing something or reach an aim
e.g. I’ve been working hard but I feel as if I’ve ~ nothing.
13. What verb has the meaning ‘to become or make something larger in amount or size’?
e.g. The cost of the project has ~ significantly since it began.
14. A verb which means ‘to understand a situation’, sometimes suddenly
e.g. They didn’t ~ the danger they were in.
15. What is the word to describe the forward movement in something or an improvement or development?
e.g. Nothing can stop the ~ of technology.
16. The process of increasing in size, getting bigger
e.g. The government in China is trying to limit the population ~.
17. An adverb meaning ‘continuing to happen or despite that’
e.g. I’ve eaten a lot but I’m ~ hungry.
18. A noun which describes why you do something or why something exists
e.g. The ~ of the research is to find out more about the cause of the epidemic.
19. A noun which has the meaning of ‘a subject or activity, or part of it’
e.g. Software is not really my ~ of expertise
20. An expression equivalent to ‘take action, do things to accomplish a purpose’
e.g. What ~ can we take to avoid a terrorism?
26. TEST YOURSELF. Fill in each gap with one of the words below.
(joint, eliminate, bringing about, solve, increasing, throughout the world, realise, measures, carried out, changes, deal with, evident)
I.1. Air pollution is reaching tremendous proportions (1____). 2. (2___) efforts of many countries are necessary to (3___) pollution in big cities. 3. That human activity is (4___) changes in the environment more serious than ever before is (5__). 4. A number of (6___) are taken to change the situation to the better. 5. Millions of plants and factories as well as buses and cars throw out harmful substances into the atmosphere causing dreadful (7___). 6. The problem of pollution is not that easy to (8___); the way out is not that evident. 7. Scientists are working on an action plan to (9___) the problem of water pollution. 8. The level of carbon dioxide is (10___) in the atmosphere. 9. Intensive research to develop alternative sources of energy is being (11___). 10. The sooner we (12___) how dangerous pollution is the more successful our efforts will be.
(scale, considerable, pollution, increasing, measures, achieve, similar, change, dealt, bringing about, evident, realise)
II.1. Nowadays the world`s population is ( 1___ ) at a high rate. 2. Management of natural resources on a global ( 2___ ) is already possible from a technical standpoint. 3. The question is whether we can (3___) success in environment protection. 4. Many environmental issues can be (4___) with on the level of the world community. 5. That human activity directly affects the condition of the environment is (5___) to all. 6. Rapid growth of industry is (6___) air and water pollution. 7. Australia, South America and Africa occupy approximately the same range of latitudes and have (7___) habitats. 8. Use of water and waste production are causing (8___) damage to the environment. 9. Ecologists are trying to make us (9___) how we can (10___) the situation to the better. 10. In his plan to fight climate change the US President suggested some (11___) to reduce carbon (12___).
27. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION SURVEY.
I. In pairs write five GOOD questions about pollution. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers.
STUDENT 1
_____________
STUDENT 2
_____________
STUDENT 3
_____________
Q.1.
Q.2.
Q.3.
Q.4.
Q.5.