Translate the sentences with the -ing form words from Text B into Russian.
2.15. Change these sentences, replacing it by an –ing form of the verb and the rest of the phrase, if there is one. Start each sentence with the words in brackets:
1) Most children watch television a lot. They begin it when they are very young, and continue it all their lives. (Most children begin…)
2) My friend works on his notebook during the classes at University. He likes it. (My friend likes…)
3) Most computer manufacturers don’t use the term “laptop” anymore. They stopped it completely. (Most computer manufacturers stopped …)
4) More and more people buy a mobile computer today. They prefer it to a desktop computer. (More and more people prefer …)
5) A lot of alternative free computer software could be found today. Some users practise to install it on their computers. (Some users practise…)
6) A lot of people search the Internet. They look for necessary information through it. (A lot of people prefer…)
7) WiFi has become more wide-spread. Students recommend to use it in free zones in cafes. (Students recommend…)
8) Computers penetrate in almost all spheres of humans’ life. Some experts consider it too dangerous. (Some experts consider…)
Now give your own examples.
2.16. Think of any piece of hardware you would like to know more about.
· Find information about its history and inventor(s).
· Share this information with your group.
Unit 3
Computer Software
Vocabulary
anti-virus software ['æntɪ'vaɪrəs] антивирусная программа
data (sing. – datum) ['deɪtə] данные
application (program) [̗æplɪ'keɪʃn] прикладная (программа)
package ['pækɪdž] пакет
(suite) [swi:t] набор, комплект
(Internet protocol suite набор
протоколов Internet)
word processor ['prəυsesə] текстовый редактор
source program [sɔ:s] входная программа
supervisor program ['su:pəvaɪzə] управляющая программа
linkage editor ['lɪŋkɪdž] ['edɪtə] компоновщик
routine [̗ru:'ti:n] подпрограмма
object module ['ɒbdžɪkt] ['mɒdju:l] объектный модуль
spreadsheet ['spredʃi:t] программа обработки
электронных таблиц
compile [kəm'paɪl] составлять, компилировать
(прогамму)
compiler [kəm'paɪlə] компилятор
CPU (central ЦП (центральный процессор)
processing unit)
load module [ləυd] загрузочный модуль
mainframe computer ['meɪnfreɪm] 1. универсальный компьютер
2. компьютер обычных
размеров
compatible (with) [kəm'pætəbl] совместимый
capability [̗keɪpə'bɪlətɪ] cпособность
мн. (потенциальные)
возможности
fetch [fetʃ] выборка
desktop publishing настольное издательство
developer’s tools инструментарий разработчика
execute ['eksɪkju:t] выполнять
convert ['kɒnvɜ:t] превращать; переделывать
3.1. How would you describe what computer software is to someone who knows nothing about computers? Work in pairs or small groups.
Now read the description below. Do you like it? Why/Why not?
Software is like a recipe. It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and a list of directions (called statements) that tell the computer what to do with the variables. The variables can represent numeric data, text, or graphical images.
recipe ['resəpɪ] (n) рецепт (тж. кулинарный)
ingredient [ɪn'ɡri:dɪənt] (n) составная часть, ингредиент
variable ['veərɪəbl] (n) переменная (величина)
statement ['steɪtmənt] (n) формулировка
3.2. Read the text and try to describe computer software using the key vocabulary in bold type.
Computer software is a general term that describes computer programs. Such terms as software programs, applications, scripts, and instruction sets all fall under the category of computer software. Therefore, installing new programs or applications on your computer is synonymous with installing new software on your computer.
Software can be difficult to describe because it is "virtual." It consists of lines of code written by computer programmers that have been compiled into a computer program. Software programs are stored as binary data that is copied to a computer's hard drive, when it is installed. Since software is virtual and does not take up any physical space, it is much easier (and often cheaper) to upgrade than computer hardware.
While at its most basic level, software consists of binary data, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and other types of media that are used to distribute software can also be called software. Therefore, when you buy a software program, it often comes on a disc, which is a physical means of storing the software.
(http://www.sharpened.net)
3.3. Fill in the gaps with the terms from the box
| data applications programs package (suite) software (2) office program office suites |
______ is the word used to refer to ______ (sets of computer instructions written in a computer language) and _____ that is input, processed and output by a computer system.
_______ are programs that allow the user to do various types of work on a computer e.g. word processors, databases. A set of related applications programs is referred to as a_____. Some applications programs, such as word processors, spreadsheets and databases, are commonly referred to
as _______ because they are commonly used in a typical office.
_______such as Microsoft office are sets of interrelated office programs.
3.4. Match each applications program with its function.
| word processors | storing data so that it can be easily searched and sorted |
| spreadsheets | drawing |
| databases | creating multimedia slide shows |
| graphics | creating and editing texts |
| games | sending electronic mail messages |
| accounts | performing various business tasks |
| payroll | creating and editing web pages |
| presentation program | editing graphic images |
| writing programs to add features to existing applications and creating integrated program systems | |
| P I M (personal information program) | creating publications to be printed by a professional printer |
| D T P (desktop publishing program) | keeping track of appointments, address book |
| small business tools | playing fast action game |
| website editor | performing calculations using formulas |
| image editor | calculating salaries |
| developer tools | keeping business accounts |
3.5. Study the vocabulary you may need to understand Text A.
scattered ['skætəd] (p. p. от scatter) разбросанный (о домах,
предметах), разрозненный
scatter ['skætə] (v) разбрасывать (on, over), рассеивать
distinct [dɪ'stɪŋkt] (adj) особый, индивидуальный;
отличный (от других)
maintain [meɪn'teɪn] (v) обслуживать; содержать
в исправности
acronym ['ækrənɪm] (n) акроним
formulae ['fɔ:mjυli:] (pl от formula) формулы
introduce [̗ɪntrə'dju:s] (v) вводить в употребление;
применять
portable ['pɔ:təbl] (adj) машинонезависимый; мобильный;
переносной
payroll ['peɪrəυl] (n) платёжная ведомость
purchase ['pɜ:tʃəs] (v) покупать, закупать; приобретать
executable выполнимый, осуществимый
vendor ['vendɔ:] (n) (юр.) продавец
conform [kən'fɔ:m] (v) соответствовать (to или with – чему-л.)
3.6. Before reading Text A, try to fill in the gaps in the sentences. Use vocabulary given at the beginning of Unit 3.
1. A ______ is a program written in one of the high-level languages.
2. A program written in a high-level language must be interpreted into ______ before the computer reads and processes it.
3. A program designed to perform a specific task is called an _______.
4. The ______ is the program produced when the original program has been converted into machine code.
5. A _____ is a program that converts a high-level language into machine code.
6. The systems program which fetches required systems routines and links them to the object is known as the _______.
7. The _______ is the program directly executable by the computer.
3.7. Now read Text A and check your answers.
TEXT A