Education in Russia
1. New words (познакомиться с новыми словами, они помогут перевести текст)
a right – право
a duty – обязанность
crèches – ясли
nursery school – детский сад
primary school – начальная школа
secondary school – средняя школа
state – государственный
private – частный
lyceum – лицей
gymnasium – зд .гимназия
free of charge – бесплатный
the curriculum – расписание, учебная программа
term – четверть
conducted by smb– ведутся кем-то
transition – переход
the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education – аттестат об основном образовании
technical (vocational) school – техникум, училище
college – колледж
Institute – институт
University – университет
higher education – высшее образование
the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education – аттестат о полном образовании
personal interview –зд . собеседование
entrance examination – входной экзамен
academy - академия
postgraduate courses - аспирантура
2. Read and translate the text ( текст перевести письменно )
Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.
People in our country have the right for education. It is our Constitutional right. But it is not only a right, it is a duty, too. Every boy and every girl in Russia must go to school and they must get a full secondary education.
Children start school at the age of six in Russia. Children under the age of six are taken to crèches and nursery schools. The course of studies at school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. All pupils have equal rights in all stages of education.
There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. There is also a number of specialized schools, where the pupils get deep knowledge of foreign languages, or Maths, or Physics, or other subjects. The majority of schools is free of charge, but in some (usually private ones) parents have to pay for the education of their children. In ordinary schools parents sometimes pay for additional subjects in the curriculum, such as a foreign language or arts. Most children can already read and write when they start their school: this makes education much easier for them.
The school year starts in the first of September and finishes in May. It is divided into four terms. Study programme in schools is fixed. It means that schoolchildren can’t choose subjects they want to study.
In primary school there are three or four lessons a day. A lesson lasts forty minutes. During the first term children get used to learning and adapt to school regulations. At primary schools all lessons are usually conducted by one teacher.
At the age of ten children pass to the second stage of education, known as secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety of subjects under study, and teachers specialize. The transition from primary to secondary school is sometimes difficult for children.
After finishing the ninth form and getting the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education, schoolchildren may either continue their education in the tenth form, or leave school and go to technical (vocational) schools and colleges. They not only learn general subjects, but also receive a specialty there. Having finished a secondary school, a technical school or a college young people can start working, or they may enter an Institute or a University. Professional training makes it easier to get higher education.
After eleven years at school, the school leavers take examinations and get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have only excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the right to enter higher school taking only one examination or a personal interview.
The admission to higher school is competitive and based on the system of entrance examinations, usually three or four. During the examinations the school leavers must show their abilities in the chosen field. Young people also have an option to get specialized secondary education in vocational schools after leaving the eleventh form.
Among higher educational establishments are institutes (colleges), academies and universities. The term of studying in higher school is from four to six years. Students can be involved in scientific research while studying. At the end of their final year at college, university or academy they take final examinations and get a diploma. Besides, they can take postgraduate courses in the chosen field.
Answer the questions (ответить на вопросы письменно на английском):
1. Is education in our country free?
2. Is education in Russia right or duty?
3. What types of schools are there in Russia?
4. What are the possible ways to continue education after the finishing of the secondary school?
5. What are the main types of educational institutions in our country?
6. What are the types of higher education institutions in Russia?
3. Exercises
№1. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations :( перевести на русский )
the course of studies; primary school; secondary school; previously; creche; lyceum; gymnasium; free of charge; curriculum; to adapt; to extend; to conduct; transition; vocational school; higher school; competitive; ability; to be involved in; postgraduate courses
№2. Give the English equivalents of the following ( перевести на английский ):
детский сад; большой выбор; государственная школа; большинство школ; дополнительные предметы; первая четверть; школьные правила; включать; изучаемые предметы; выпускники; академия; выпускные экзамены