Практический курс перевода первого иностранного языка.
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Саратовский государственный социально-экономический университет Кафедра переводоведения и межкультурной коммуникации
Практический курс перевода первого иностранного языка.
ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ПЕРЕВОДУ
С АНГЛИЙСКОГО НА РУССКИЙ
Учебно-методическое пособие
для студентов специальности 031202.65
«Перевод и переводоведение».
С а р а т о в
2008
УДК
ББК
Составители:
канд. ист. наук, доцент Е.Е. Кувшинова,
доцент З.К. Луговская
Практический курс перевода первого иностранного языка. Практикум по переводу с английского на русский: Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов специальности 031202.65 «Перевод и переводоведение» / Саратовский государственный социально-экономический университет, Саратов, 2008. – 96 с.
ISBN
Рецензенты:
канд. филол. наук, доцент Н.П. Тимофеева,
канд. психол. наук, доцент С.А. Гурьева
Пособие знакомит начинающих переводчиков с основами теории и практики письменного перевода, что способствует развитию у них навыков переводческой техники и помогает выполнять письменные переводы различной степени сложности на высоком уровне.
Разработанные упражнения направлены на выработку умений и навыков решений типовых задач, возникающих в процессе перевода, и позволяют применять усвоенные переводческие принципы и приемы для решения нестандартных задач с учетом особенностей контекста.
Рекомендует к печати
ученый совет СГСЭУ
2008 г.
Работа издана в авторской редакции
УДК
ББК
© Саратовский государственный
социально-экономический
университет, 2008
 |
Authors’ Preface
The course offers thorough preparation for the course of translation from English into Russian.
The course consists of 10 units which provide a wide range of challenging topics. Each topic is preceded by preview questions to encourage the students to think about ideas related to the topic and followed by the exercises which help to practice language skills and gradually build up translation techniques. These exercises concentrate on the main areas of difficulty for students. It also introduces the full range of tasks aimed at practicing translation. Students learn how to apply their theoretical knowledge in practical situations thus building their confidence in translation.
Besides class work, the course offers quite a lot of homework to do:
· working on terms and abbreviations
· building up a feel for cultural multiplicities
· doing written work.
The course is based on the authentic language material: articles from British, American and Russian newspapers, on-line news, and recorded texts.
Each unit trains listening, reading, writing and translation skills.
At the back of the book there is topical appendix which helps to evaluate the progress of students.
The book is for students of the major 031202.65 Theory of Translation and Cross-cultural Communication (“Translation and Interpreting”) and those getting the qualification of translators in the sphere of professional communication.
Contents
Unit 1. The Reluctant Superhero………………………..…..………………….…5
Unit 2. Traffic… Traffic… Traffic…………..……………………..……..………9
Unit 3. Letter…………………………….…………………….………………...14
Unit 4. Canada: Food Fight…………………………….…………….………….18
Unit 5. For Italian Winemakers, It’s a Very Good Year………….……………..23
Unit 6. Merck’s New Alchemist………………………………………….……..29
Unit 7. Time Is Running Short for the Tropical Forests………………………...35
Unit 8. The Faithful Put Their Trust in an MBA………………………………..40
Unit 9. Employers up the Ante for Workers Who Find New Hires…………..…44
Unit 10. Human Cost of Cold War Testing Unknown. Lessons in Terror.……..50
Appendix……..………………………………………………………...………..61
Unit I
1. Describe the life style of a famous actor.
2. Read the text and make notes on Harrison Ford’s life style, and compare it with the kind of life you’ve described in assignment 1.
THE RELUCTANT SUPERHERO
While the beautiful people of Hollywood hit the party circuit in their designer clothes and cruise round town in their shiny limousines, the biggest box-office star of all time is happy wearing jeans and tootling round his ranch in a pick-up truck or on his Harley-Davidson motorcycle. He likes to get up early, have breakfast with his family, then potter around doing odd jobs on this ranch where the deer are plentiful and the eagles soar. “I’ll fix a fence, repair a piece of equipment or plough the driveway if there’s snow,” says Ford, who learned his handyman skills in his early twenties when he had to work as a carpenter in Los Angeles because he couldn’t get any acting jobs. “I need to be in a situation where my every whim is not attended to, where I have to fetch my own nails, do my own shopping and wash my own dishes. The pleasure of my life is that however long it takes to make a movie, when it’s over I’m back to reality – back to the banal tasks where I belong”.
He came from his native Chicago to Los Angeles at the age of 21 to seek his fortune. At first, he thought he’d really landed when Columbia Pictures signed him as a $150-a-week contract player. But the dream turned sour a year later – after only one line in a movie – when he was fired for being “too difficult”.
Ford managed to find some work playing bit parts on such TV series as Gunsmoke, Ironside and The Virginian. But he wasn’t earning enough to support his young family so he took up carpentry, teaching himself the trade from books – and even found himself doing work for Hollywood stars. “I never actually gave up acting. I was still taking jobs, but I was now able to turn down jobs I didn’t want”.
It wasn’t until 1976, when he was asked to play space hero Han Solo in “Star Wars” that “I packed up my carpenter’s tools and never went back to them”. But even though Solo and Indiana Jones have made him world-famous and a multi-millionaire, he’s always been a reluctant hero.
3. Find words or phrases in the text which show that the points below are true:
a) Harrison Ford prefers to dress differently from most Hollywood stars;
b) He lives a simple life in the middle of the countryside;
c) He doesn’t like to drive a luxury saloon car;
d) He used to do odd jobs for a living but now he does them for fun;
e) He enjoys doing everyday things for himself;
f) His career was not a success to begin with, but he is successful now;
g) Working as a carpenter made it possible for him to choose film roles;
h) It was not the film Gunsmoke that made him world-famous.
4. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
a) designer clothes;
b) shiny limousines;
c) a box-office star;
d) a pick-up truck;
e) an odd job;
f) handyman skills;
g) his early twenties;
h) a $150-a-week contract player;
i) an acting job;
j) banal tasks;
k) native Chicago;
l) bit parts;
m) a young family;
n) a reluctant hero;
o) star wars.
5. Match each word or phrase underlined with the phrase below which has the same meaning:
a) people don’t do exactly what I want;
b) his hopes were ended;
c) to look after;
d) to go to one party after another in endless succession;
e) simple, everyday activities;
f) driving slowly;
g) he thought he’d obtained a good job;
h) small roles in films.
6. Explain the difference between the following verbs denoting motion:
· to cruise around
· to tootle (round his ranch)
· to potter around
7. Translate the following combinations of verbs and nouns:
to plough snow, to seek one’s fortune, to take up carpentry, to give up acting, to turn down a job.
8. Find US English words in the text and say what GB English words match them.
9. Analyze the grammatical structure of the sentence:
· The pleasure of my life is that however long it takes to make a movie, when it is over I’m back to reality – back to the banal tasks where I belong.
10. Explain the rules according to which sentences with one negation are translated:
· I never actually gave up acting;
· My every whim is not attended to…
· I packed up my carpenter’s tools and never went back to them.
Explain the rule according to which sentences with two negations are translated.
· It wasn’t until 1976, when he was asked to play space hero Han Solo in Star Wars…
11. Translate proper names, geographical names and names of companies and the titles of the films into Russian:
a) Harrison Ford, Han Solo, Indiana Jones;
b) Chicago, Hollywood, Los Angeles;
c) Harley-Davidson, Columbia Pictures;
d) “Gunsmoke”, “Ironside”, “The Virginian”?
12. Find in the text words or phraseological units which have:
a) permanent equivalents in Russian;
b) regular equivalents in Russian;
c) no equivalents in Russian.
What method of translation should be used in each case?
13. What neutral words and emotionally or stylistically-coloured words are used in the text? What is the lexical meaning of the word made up of?
14. Read the following variants of translation and name their strong and weak points.
a) «Я починю забор, отремонтирую что-то из имеющейся на ранчо техники или, если выпал снег, очищу дорогу к дому», - говорит Форд, который научился делать всё это в двадцатилетнем возрасте, когда ему пришлось работать плотником в Лос-Анжелесе.
b) «Я укреплю покосившийся забор, починю какую-нибудь машину или почищу снег на дороге, если есть снег», - говорит Форд, который стал мастером на все руки, работая плотником в Лос-Анжелесе в начале двадцатых годов.
c) «Я поправлю забор, починю что-то из оборудования или, когда выпал снег, очищу подъездной путь от снега», - рассказывает Форд, который научился ремёслам, когда он работал плотником в Лос-Анжелесе в возрасте 20-25 лет.
* * *
a) «Мне неприятно, когда кто-то выполняет каждый мой каприз, мне нравится самому принести гвозди, сходить в магазин и помыть за собой посуду».
b) «Мне не нравится, когда выполняют каждое моё желание, когда мне подносят гвозди, ходят для меня в магазин и моют мою посуду».
c) «Мне нужно быть в такой ситуации, когда никто не выполняет мои прихоти, когда я сам должен принести инструмент для работы, сходить за покупками и помыть посуду».
15. Choose the best in your opinion variant of the translation of the title:
a) Скромный герой
b) Герой, которого не прельщает роль героя
c) Простая звезда Голливуда
d) Равнодушный к славе герой
e) Нетипичный герой
f) Герой поневоле
g) По складу характера он - простой человек
h) Герой, сопротивляющийся славе
16. Translate the text “The Reluctant Superhero” from English into Russian in writing.
17. Listen to the tape and put down what Marion says and what Harry says. Render the speech in Russian using your notes.
18. The conversation given below takes place between two persons speaking different languages – English and Russian. Students A and B read the dialogue, and student C acts as an interpreter.
A: A year ago my maternal uncle died and left me a fortune – 400,000 pounds. Since then my lifestyle has completely changed. I’ve given up my work. At first my wife and I used to go out a lot, you know, to expensive restaurants. But we’ve stopped doing it so much now. Actually we’ve both just been two weeks to one of those health farm places, because we’ve been putting on so much weight.
B : Я раньше тоже ела много пищи, которая не очень-то полезна для здоровья. (Я и сейчас люблю плотно поесть). Тогда я думала: “Я молода, так что это не имеет особого значения”. Сейчас у меня не всё в порядке со здоровьем, поэтому мне приходится придерживаться специальной диеты.
A: Oh, unhealthy eating habits are quite common among young people. The problem is they haven’t been educated into a good diet. Not seldom, the whole lifestyle is unhealthy: people smoke and drink too much, eat fatty food and take little exercise.
B : Боюсь, у меня тоже недостаточно физической нагрузки: на работе восемь часов сижу за письменным столом, потом вечер на диване перед телевизором. Ничто не может заставить меня бегать рано по утрам трусцой. Нет уж, увольте! Я лучше посижу за чашкой кофе с пирожным. А как вы поддерживаете спортивную форму?
A: My wife and I often go for a walk after supper, and I enjoy a game of tennis on Sunday. Though we are quite well-to-do now I still do my own garden and do some work about the house.
19. Translate the text from Russian into English in writing.
В 15 лет он был продавцом в магазине. В 20 основал свою собственную компанию. Сейчас ему 44 года, и он - один из самых богатых людей в Великобритании. Алан Дьюри - президент компании Дюранко, которая продаёт телевизоры, видеомагнитофоны, персональные компьютеры по самым низким ценам.
Главная причина успеха компании - прекрасные специалисты по маркетингу, работающие в ней. Они постоянно ищут и находят товары, пользующиеся наибольшим спросом в данный период времени. У Дьюри нет офиса, он руководит компанией из дома.
Имея 150 миллионов акций Дюранко, президент компании - богатый человек, но он не любит демонстрировать своё богатство. Он сам водит автомобиль и живёт в доме среднего размера в пригороде Бирмингема, откуда он родом. Фактически он ничем не отличается от миллионов людей, которые покупают продукцию его компании.
20. Write an essay on the topics: “Russian way of life”, “My parents’ lifestyle”.
Unit II
1. What traffic problems are people facing in large cities?
2. Read the text and make notes on the traffic problems, and compare them with the problems you’ve described in assignment 1.
TRAFFIC… TRAFFIC… TRAFFIC
Given the average West German's abiding love affair with the car, the country is busily working on ways to ease the traffic problem by improving automobile-related technology. As part of a project named Prometheus, which is financed by the European Community, Daimler-Benz and twelve other European auto makers are exploring designs that would help traffic flow. The idea, explains Daimler's Jurgen Hogen, is to install computer electronics in cars to make them “intelligent”. A braking vehicle, for example, would send a signal that automatically applied the brakes in autos behind it. One third of all urban traffic, Hogen adds, is made up of drivers looking for an address or a parking place. So Daimler researchers are exploring a system that would allow the driver to enter a destination in the vehicle's computer, which would then direct the car to the nearest empty parking space, possibly automatically reserving a spot until arrival. Daimler has also developed a prototype “citymobile” that features sliding doors for quick access and has only two seats, since cars on city streets carry an average of 1.2 people. With four-wheel steering to aid getting into tight spots, the vehicle needs half the parking space used by today's cars.
3. Find words or phrases in the text, which show that the points below are true.
a) An average German can't imagine his life without a car of his own;
b) European car manufacturers joined their efforts in developing new designs of cars;
c) The European Community approved of their cooperation and encourages it;
d) The car manufacturers put forward an idea of automated control devices being installed in cars;
e) Finding a parking place is a problem in a city;
f) It is possible to find an empty parking space with the help of the vehicle's computer;
g) The car manufacturers think it necessary to develop a new design of automobile's doors;
h) They have an idea how to aid vehicles getting into tight spots.
4. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
a) the traffic problem;
b) automobile-related technology;
c) European car-makers;
d) traffic flow;
e) computer electronics;
f) a braking vehicle;
g) urban traffic;
h) a parking place;
i) prototype “citymobile”;
j) sliding doors;
k) four-wheel steering;
l) tight spots;
m) parking space;
n) today's cars.
5. Recall the rule of translating attributive groups and translate the following groups:
a) The average West German's abiding love affair with the car;
b) the nearest empty parking space;
c) Daimler's Jurgen Hogen.
6. Match each word or phrase underlined with a phrase below, which has the same meaning:
a) where he or she wants to go;
b) give instructions for sending;
c) cars on the road in the city;
d) a car that is stopping;
e) so you can get in quickly;
f) help them park in small spaces;
g) improve the traffic situation;
h) cars move around more easily.
7. Explain the meaning of the following verbs:
to explore, to improve, to develop, to design, to install, to feature, to research.
8. Find technical terms in the text and translate them into Russian. Do they have permanent or regular equivalents in Russian?
9. Analyze the grammatical structure of the sentence:
· With four-wheel steering to aid getting into tight spots, the vehicle needs half the parking space used by today's cars.
10. Comment on the function of the preposition “by” in the following phrases and the ways of rendering these phrases in Russian:
· To ease the traffic problem by improving automobile-related technology;
· which is financed by the European Community.
11. What part of speech is the word “given” (line 1 of the text)? Translate it into Russian and give another example of the same kind.
12. What are the usual ways of rendering proper names, geographical names, names of companies and organizations when translating from English into Russian:
a) Jurgen Hogen, Prometheus;
b) Daimler-Benz;
c) the European Community.
13. What are the regular equivalents of the words affair, community, to apply, to direct, to enter in Russian? What methods of translation did you use when translating them in the given text?
14. Explain the difference between the meanings of the words “spot”, “place”, “space”, and “room”.
15. Read the following variants of translation and name their strong and weak points:
a) “Научно- исследовательский отдел фирмы Дэмлер разрабатывает систему, которая позволила бы водителю ввести место назначения в компьютер автомобиля с тем, чтобы система направила автомобиль к ближайшему свободному месту парковки и возможно даже зарезервировала бы это место до прибытия туда автомобиля”.
b) “Инженеры фирмы Демлер исследуют возможности создания электронной системы, с помощью которой водитель мог бы ввести пункт назначения в компьютер своего автомобиля, чтобы затем автомобиль направлялся к ближайшему свободному месту парковки и чтобы компьютер, возможно, зарезервировал бы это место до прибытия”.
c) “Исследователи фирмы Даймлер работают над созданием системы, которая позволила бы ввести информацию в компьютер автомобиля относительно того, куда он направляется. Данная система помогла бы автомобилю добраться до ближайшей к месту назначения свободной парковки и, возможно, зарезервировала бы место для парковки до момента прибытия туда автомобиля”.
16. Translate the text “Traffic, traffic, traffic” from English into Russian in writing.
17. The conversation given below takes place between two persons speaking different languages - English and Russian. Students A and B read the dialogue and student C acts as an interpreter.
A: Какие основные проблемы связаны с транспортом в больших городах?
B: In my opinion, the most serious problems are traffic jams and parking.
А: Можем ли мы решить проблему парковки, установив компьютеры в автомобилях?
B: I think we can.
А: Что вы думаете об идее убрать транспорт из центральной части города?
B: I think city centres should be left for pedestrians, and all traffic should be banned there. That will help to solve a lot of problems.
А: Производители автомобилей должны конструировать автомобили с электрическими двигателями. Почему производители автомобилей против электромобилей?
B: They are too expensive. And if you are thinking about air pollution in connection with electric cars, there is one factor which people overlook. Electric cars use batteries, and batteries can also cause environmental problems.
А: Понимаю. Возможно, есть другие, более простые и дешёвые способы остановить загрязнение воздуха в городах. И учёные безусловно работают над этим.
18. Listen to the the tape and put down the main points. Render the speech in Russian using your notes.
19. Read the newspaper article given below and render its content in English:
«Тойота» выпустила
самопаркующийся автомобиль
(дается в сокращении)
Суперсовременная машина компании «Тойота» способна парковаться на стоянке без участия водителя. Новый автомобиль «Toyota Prius» оснащен специальными сенсорами, установленными на обоих бамперах, и гибридным бензиново-электрическим двигателем, который и поворачивает руль. Для того, чтобы припарковать машину, водителю достаточно выбрать свободное место на стоянке, снять ноги с педалей и нажать на кнопку на приборной доске. Остальное берет на себя встроенный компьютер.
Впрочем, это не единственное достоинство нового автомобиля. Его существенным плюсом является и его экологичность - выброс выхлопных газов у него намного меньше. Представитель компании заявил, что если новая модель придется по нраву японцам, они вскоре начнут экспортировать ее.
Первыми за пределами Японии сумеют поездить на новом автомобиле американцы. Цена «Prius», как ожидается, составит 17 тысяч долларов, а устройство для самопарковки будет стоить еще 2 тысячи «зеленых». Но высокая цена, по мнению президента корпорации «Тойота» Фудзио Чо, не остановит потенциальных покупателей.
20. Write an essay on the topics: “A XXI Century car”, “Technology of the future will solve the problem of city traffic”.
Unit III
1. What is a package holiday? What problems might you have if you go on package holiday?
2. Read the letter and make a list of problems Mr. Pungent had. Compare it with the list you’ve made in assignment 1.
LETTER
15 Cedars Road,
Worthing
Sussex
10 September 1999
The Manager,
Sunnytours,
3 High St.,
Worthing
Dear Sir,
further to my telegram of 4/9/99, I am writing to complain in the strongest possible terms about the Sunnytours holiday (ref. 5982-4), from which I have just returned. I have been going on package holidays for over thirty years, and never in all this time have I spent such a disagreeable fortnight.
My troubles started at the airport, where I and other guests were obliged to wait for over half an hour for a hotel bus which never arrived. Having made my way to the hotel by taxi – at my own expense – I found it to be in a run-down neighbourhood a good half-hour from the sea – quite different from the “pleasant suburb within easy reach of the sea” promised in your brochure. From then on, things got worse. Not only was my room a disgrace, but the food and service were also seriously substandard. In addition to this, other extras, including tours and a courier, proved to be non-existent.
In view of the foregoing, I would say that your brochure is misleading to a fraudulent extent. Therefore I insist on a complete refund. Should this not be forthcoming, I shall be obliged to refer the matter to my solicitor.
Yours faithfully,
George Pungent.
3. Find words or phrases in the text which show that the points below are true:
a) It was not for the first time that Mr. Pungent went on a package holiday;
b) There was an incredible delay at the airport;
c) Mr. Pungent had to pay for the taxi;
d) The hotel where he stayed is located in a dirty, unattractive area, neglected by the town authorities;
e) It is a long way from the beach;
f) Mr. Pungent’s room in the hotel was filthy;
g) The food given to the guests was not tasty;
h) The description of the hotel in the brochure is a complete fantasy.
4. Translate the following word-combinations into Russian:
a) the strongest possible terms;
b) a disagreeable fortnight;
c) a run-down neighbourhood;
d) a good half-hour;
e) the pleasant suburb;
f) easy reach of the sea;
g) a complete refund;
h) substandard food.
5. Match each word or phrase underlined with a phrase below which has the same meaning:
a) of low quality;
b) when I got to the hotel;
c) the facts given in your short descriptive article about holiday are not true;
d) a part of town;
e) to take legal action;
f) had to;
g) getting all the money back;
h) there were no other extras.
6. Find expressions which are usually used in formal letters.
7. Analyse the grammatical structure of the sentence:
“Having made my way to the hotel by taxi – at my own expense – I found it to be in a run-down neighbourhood a good half-hour from the sea – quite different from the “pleasant suburb within easy reach of the sea” promised in your brochure.
8. Explain the use of inverted word order in the following sentences:
a) and never in my life have I spent such a disagreeable fortnight;
b) not only was my room a disgrace, but…
9. What are the usual ways of rendering proper and geographical names when translating:
a) George Pungent;
b) Worthing, Sussex, High St., Cedars Road;
c) Sunnytours.
10. Read the following variants of translation and name their strong and weak points:
a) Проделав весь путь до гостиницы на такси (за свой счёт), я обнаружил, что она расположена в грязном районе города, в получасе ходьбы от берега моря, хотя в рекламной брошюре обещали “приятную пригородную зону вблизи от побережья”.
b) Добравшись до гостиницы на такси (за свой счёт), я обнаружил, что она находится в неухоженном районе и что от неё до моря надо добираться добрых полчаса. Согласитесь, это совсем не похоже на обещанную в рекламной брошюре “приятную пригородную зону на побережье моря”.
c) До гостиницы я добрался на такси (за свой счёт) и обнаружил, что она находится в запущенном микрорайоне, от которого добрых полчаса пути до побережья моря. Это совсем не похоже на “приятный микрорайон в пригороде, недалеко от побережья”, как говорится в Вашей рекламной брошюре.
* * *
а) Не только комната, предоставленная мне в гостинице, была отвратительной, но также питание и обслуживание были намного ниже допустимого уровня.
в) Не только гостиничный номер был в неописуемо скверном состоянии, но также пища и обслуживание не отвечали никаким стандартам.
с) Комната в гостинице была скверной до неприличия, питание и обслуживание также были чрезвычайно низкого качества.
11. Translate the letter from English into Russian in writing.
12. The conversation given below takes place between two persons speaking different languages - English and Russian. Students A and B read the dialogue and student C acts as an interpreter.
A : Как вы провели свой летний отдых?
B: Every summer my spouse and I go to a holiday camp.
A : Как это романтично! Жить в палатке, готовить на костре.
B: Well, living in a holiday camp doesn‘t mean sleeping and eating in tents. Holiday camps are permanent buildings with every modern convenience and comfort. There are wooden cabins with good beds, electric light, running hot and cold water. We lived in a cabin for two.
A : А где вы питались? И были ли в лагере какие-то развлечения?
B: There is a large dining - hall in the camp, and a café, a bar, a large hall for dancing (and a very good band), a cinema, rooms for games such as billiards. The camp has its own swimming-pool and tennis courts. In fact, there is everything you want.
A : И сколько же людей отдыхает в таком лагере?
B: A camp of medium size, like the one we usually spend our holidays in, takes about 500 guests, and there are lots of children. There are nurses to look after small children, so that parents can be free to amuse themselves. That´s one reason why holiday camps are popular with married couples who have very young children.
A : И сколько стоит такой отдых?
B: I‘m not quite sure what the rates will be next summer. About two-thirds of the cost of a good hotel, perhaps less. And what about you? Where did you spend your summer holidays?
A : Мы ездили отдыхать по путёвке в Италию. Три недели на Средиземном море.
B: How wonderful! I suppose you had a grand time.
A : Ну, сам город красивый, и погода была прекрасная, но даже это не смогло компенсировать наше разочарование гостиницей. Ничего не работало, комнаты были грязные, в бассейне не было воды, потому что сломался насос, а еда была ужасная.
B: Did you complain to the travel agent?
A : Конечно, жаловались, но безрезультатно. Одни отговорки, никакого возмещения мы не получили. Можно было, конечно, подать в суд, но что это дало бы? Закон обычно на стороне крупных компаний, а не на стороне частных лиц.
13. Write a telegram to the manager of Sunny tours to complain about the spoilt holiday. Use the information given in the letter.
14. Compare the style and the vocabulary of the telegram with those of the letter.
15. Listen to the tape and put down the stories. Render them in Russian using your notes.
16. Translate the following letter of complaint into English:
Уважаемый господин управляющий!
Довожу до Вашего сведения, что дежурный Вашей гостиницы несерьёзно отнёсся к моему заявлению относительно не работающего в моей комнате кондиционера.
Я позвонил дежурному по гостинице в 20.20 и попросил отремонтировать кондиционер, на что дежурный ответил мне, что электрик работает до 8 вечера и после восьми часов некому заняться ремонтом моего кондиционера. Дежурный разговаривал со мной вызывающим тоном и с издёвкой посоветовал мне открыть на ночь окно. Я звонил дежурному несколько раз по поводу кондиционера, но ничего не было сделано.
Прошу Вас принять меры. Я настаиваю на немедленной починке кондиционера в моей комнате, а что касается дежурного, то он несомненно заслуживает самого строгого выговора. Если в ближайшие два часа положение дел не будет исправлено, я буду требовать полной компенсации за причинённые мне неудобства.
С уважением,
Иван Петров.
Unit IV
1. What is the reason of a wide-range cuisine existing in the world? What is a FM food?
2. Read the article “Canada: Food Fight” and say what state regulations and laws are mentioned in it.
CANADA : FOOD FIGHT
When it comes to science and food, the Canadians used to have more in common with their southern neighbours than with fussy Europeans. No longer, to judge by two recent announcements. First, McCain Foods, a New Brunswick firm that is one of the world’s largest suppliers of frozen chipped potatoes, revealed that after January 1, 2000, it would no longer buy any genetically modified spuds. Then, in December, the federal government said it would set up a committee of experts to review its system for approving GM foods.
Public confidence in Canada’s food-regulation system has been sinking for several years. It has not been strengthened by a Food Safety and Inspection Bill, sent to Parliament last spring. The bill simply modernizes existing regulations, say officials, making no changes in standards. That is the problem, counter the critics. They say the existing system is aimed more at easing new products into the market that ensuring safe food. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency, which is supposed to enforce food-safety regulations, reports to the minister of agriculture and also promotes farm production and trade.
This conflict of interest, unreformed by the bill, poses “an imminent threat to the future health of Canadians”, according to a memo to the health minister signed by 200 government food-safety experts and published in September. They want enforcement of food safety returned to the health ministry, which had it until two years ago.
Regulation of GM foods has become especially controversial. Some 70% of processed foods in Canada now have transgenic ingredients, but are not required to be labelled to show this. The scientists said that, because of staff cuts, they had been unable to do their own tests on GM foods. Instead, the government relied on data provided by biotechnology companies in approving the 42 GM crops and foods now on sale. The companies were required to show only that their new products were “substantially equivalent” to conventionally bred crops, a test that many scientists consider insufficient.
Farmers, too, are grumbling, saying that instead of greater yields, transgenic seeds lead to greater use of chemicals and the probable contamination of nearby conventional crops. A Saskatchewan farmer, Percy Schmeiser, has become a celebrity by taking on Monsanto, an American biotechnology company. It is suing him for patent infringement, accusing him of illegally obtaining and planting its oil-seed rape (canola). Mr Schmeiser, who says he plants only conventional seed, claims the GM rape probably blew in from his neighbour’s land. He is counter-suing Monsanto for defamation and contamination of his land. And many other farmers (of rape, maize, soyabeans and now potatoes), sensing a shift in consumers’ attitudes, are giving up biotech experiments.
A group of 21 health, environment, farming and consumers’ organisations is campaigning for tougher regulations, a ban on new GM crops and mandatory labelling of all foods containing genetically altered products. The government rejects this; it wants the food industry to develop voluntary labelling standards. It says it will reintroduce the food-safety bill in Parliament in spring, with only minor changes. Public opinion may yet insist on a different outcome.
3. Find words or phrases in the text which show that the points below are true:
a) Canadians are very much alike with Americans;
b) The population do not believe their government concerning the food system;
c) Food-safety experts want to solve the existing problems from the point of view of medicine;
d) More than a half of processed food in Canada is a GM food;
e) Tests, made by the food producing companies, do not satisfy the experts;
f) Transgenic seed can effect the nearby conventional crops;
g) Farmers and biotechnology companies fight with each other in courts;
h) A number of organizations fight for strict government laws against GM crops.
4. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
a) to have in common;
b) genetically modified spuds;
c) a committee of experts;
d) to ease new product into the market;
e) conventionally bred crops;
f) to counter-sue a company;
g) mandatory labelling of something;
h) unreformed by the bill;
i) health minister;
j) controversial regulation;
k) staff cuts;
l) to take on;
m) a shift in consumers’ attitutes;
n) voluntary labelling standards.
5. Match the words in the article with their meanings below:
a) too concerned with unimportant details;
b) potatoes (sl);
c) to go down;
d) to lose faith;
e) of a position of trust or authority;
f) likely to come or happen soon;
g) information;
h) making dirty, impure or diseased;
i) famous person;
j) make a legal claim against;
k) make or become different;
l) result of an event.
6. Find the scientific terms in the text and translate them into Russian.
7. Find the names of the products and translate them into Russian.
8. Translate the following proper names and say what ways of rendering them you have used:
a) Percy Schmeiser;
b) Canada; New Brunswick (and a combination of words “a New Brunswick firm”), Saskatchewan (and a combination of words “a Saskatchewan farmer”);
c) The Canadian Food Inspection agency; McCain Foods, Monsanto;
d) a Food Safety and Inspection Bill.
9. Find the following abbreviations in your dictionaries and translate them into Russian:
· GM: GMO; GMP.
10. Explain the difference between the following words:
a) fussy, nervous, flurry, pother, stir;
b) modernize, change, adapt, improve, correct, alter;
c) food, feed, fodder;
d) safe, secure, protect, defend;
e) lack, want, need, require;
f) conventional, traditional, ordinary, usual;
g) scientist, scholar, expert;
h) government, authorities, officials, higher-ups, statesmen;
i) decline, refuse, reject, repudiate, spurn.
11. Analyse the grammatical structure of the sentences:
· The Canadian Food Inspection Agency, which is supposed to enforce food-safety regulations, reports to the minister of agriculture and also promotes farm production and trade;
· They want enforcement of food safety returned to the health ministry, which had it until two years ago;
· Public opinion may yet insist on a different outcome.
12. Read the following variants of translation and name their strong and weak points:
a) Когда дело доходит до науки и еды, канадцы обычно ближе по взглядам к своим южным соседям, чем к суетливым европейцам. Но уже не очень, судя по двум последним заявлениям.
b) Когда разговор заходит об отношении к науке и пище, канадцы ранее всегда придерживались мнения своих южных соседей – американцев, чем беспокойных европейцев. Но, судя по двум последним заявлениям в печати, эта ситуация меняется.
c) Ранее, если речь заходила об отношении канадцев к науке и пище, они скорее разделяли мнение своих южных соседей по материку – американцев, по этому вопросу, нежели беспокойных европейцев. Но не сейчас, если судить по двум последним заявлениям.
* * *
a) Этот конфликт интересов, который не удалось разрешить законопроекту, означает «неминуемую угрозу будущему здоровью канадцев», как говорится в заявлении министра здравоохранения, подписанным 200 правительственными экспертами по безопасности пищевых продуктов, которое было опубликовано в сентябре. Они требуют вернуть контроль за безопасностью продуктов питания министерству здравоохранения, как это было два года назад.
b) Законопроект не смог разрешить конфликт интересов, что по заявлению министра здравоохранения, опубликованному в сентябре, которое подписали 200 экспертов по проверке безопасности пищевых продуктов, означает «нависшую над здоровьем нации угрозу». Они хотят вернуть министерству здравоохранения утраченное им два года назад право контроля над безопасностью сельскохозяйственной продукции.
c) Законопроект не смог разрешить конфликт. Это привело к публикации в сентябре коммюнике министра здравоохранения, подписанное 200 правительственными экспертами, контролирующими безопасность продуктов. В этом заявлении говорилось, что конфликт интересов приведет к тому, что «здоровье будущих поколений канадцев окажется под угрозой», и содержалось требование вернуть министерству здравоохранения право контролировать пищевые продукты, которого его лишили два года назад.
13. Choose the best variant of translation:
a) Битва за еду
b) Спорная пища
c) Битва в поле: модификаторы против натуралов
d) Пища и борьба
e) Хлеба и зрелищ!
f) Борьба за чистоту еды
14. Translate the article “Canada: Food Fight” from English into Russian in writing.
15. Listen to the tape and put down the main points. Render the information in Russian using your notes.
16. Read the newspaper article given below and render its content in English.
Франкенштейн мертв? или
Начало конца ГМ продуктов
(дается в сокращении)
Несмотря на заявления армии PRщиков, продажных политиков и ученых, очевидно, что первая волна генетически модифицированных продуктов потерпела полное поражение. Будущие историки отметят вторник, 30 июля 2002 года, как день начала конца для корпорации Монсанто и других ГМ-гигантов. В этот день, столкнувшись с возрастающим сопротивлением фермеров, потребителей и даже важнейших американских пищевых концернов, таких как General Mills, Монтанто была вынуждена объявить о том, что реализация планов по коммерциализации гербицидоустойчивого Roundup Ready зерна, самого важного и дорогостоящего на сей день проекта биоисследований, откладывается на неопределенный срок.
Ведущие европейские, японские и американские компании сообщили, что прекратят закупки американской и канадской пшеницы, если ГМ зерно будет допущено к продаже. Очевидно, что покупатели никогда не примут ГМ зерно. Пшеница-Франкенштейн потерпела поражение.
Утверждения сумасшедших биотехнологов, что ГМ продукты не вызывают аллергии и безопасны для человека и окружающей среды, не выдержали проверки. Медицинская Ассоциация Великобритании, Всемирная организация здравоохранения и Медицинская Ассоциация США призвали наложить всемирный мораторий на использование ГМ продуктов.
17. The conversation given below takes place between two persons speaking different languages – English and Russian. Students A and B read the dialogue, and student C acts as an interpreter.
A : 32 компании, расположенные в Китае и производящие пищевые продукты, заявили, что не будут использовать при их производстве генетически модифицированные добавки. Вы можете подтвердить этот факт?
В : Yes, and I can add that the local companies will also exclude H’m-components from the products.
A : Мы знаем, что 50% мирового потребления сои приходится на Китай. Ввозимая из США, Бразилии и Аргентины соя по большей части генетически модифицированная, но только с июля 2002 года правительство Китая потребовало указывать наличие модифицированных компонентов на продуктах.
В : By rules, animal forage and the food stuffs containing GMO, should be marked GMO or the H’m-goods. If such products are not marked, their sale will be illegal. This legislation protects the option of consumers to use non-GMP.
A : И правительство Китая всеми мерами поддерживает своего покупателя. Новая государственная политика по отношению к ГМ продуктам означает, производители, нарушающие ее, будут наказываться.
В : The bright example of the new policy on biosafety in China is the case of the Swiss food giant Nestle which has been accused of sale of products containing GMO without corresponding marks. In six names of its production, including chocolate confectionery products and dry milk, have been found the H’m-components.
А: Реакция потребителей не заставила себя ждать. 99% всех посетителей одного из самых популярных сайтов в Интернете выразили протест против подобных действий компании Нестле. Они начали возвращать купленные продукты в офисы и представительства компании.
18. Write an essay on one of the following topics: “Have you ever thought what you’re eating?”, “GMP are threatening the future health of the mankind”, “What is GMP - genetically modified products or genetically modified people?”
Unit V
1. What wine-producing countries do you know? What country dominates on the global wine market? What role do wineries play in the economy of the country?
2. Read the text “For Italian Winemakers, It’s A Very Good Year” and say what sort of wine is the most popular in the USA? In the world?
FOR ITALIAN WINEMAKERS,
IT’S A VERY GOOD YEAR
VINO, VIDI, VICI
The Sicilian field hands at Fazio Wines balked when the vineyard’s owners asked them to snip off one-fifth of their grapes a month before harvest. Brothers Vincenzo and Girolamo Fazio knew that pruning would intensify the flavour of the remaining grapes and help transform the family’s table wine into prizeworthy vintages. But to their workers, it seemed like a waste of good fruit. So in the early 1990s, the Fazios grabbed clippers and headed into the fields, hoping to win over skeptics. They did – and now their winery, with $2 million in annual sales, is enjoying international acclaim.
Fazio is but one of 16,000 small, family-owned Italian wineries stretching from Turin to Trapani that are helping themselves to a bigger share of the 4150 billion global wine market and wresting dominance from the once-invincible French. The Italians’ strength is especially clear in the huge American market, where wine consumption is growing faster that anywhere else. U.S. sales of pinot grigio have doubled in three years, to six million cases, challenging the primacy of chardonnay. In the 12 months ended June 30, the value of Italian table-wine exports to the U.S. jumped 21%, to 4621 million, surpassing France for the first time.
That’s certainly a milestone worth toasting for Italy’s $9 billion wine industry, which has traditionally emphasized quantity at the expense of quality. Italian winemakers are finally reaping the benefits of years of investment, gaining global market share at every price level. Even Italy’s southern regions, once known for their unremarkable, cheap wines, have spruced up their offerings. The elegant chardonnay and sirah from L’Azienda Agricola Spadafora in Sicily will soon grace the wine list at Alain Ducasse's eponymous restaurant in New York, selling for $66 a bottle. “Italians have spent the last decade reinventing themselves as makers of modern, sophisticated, new-style wines,” says Rich Cartiere, publisher of Calistoga (Calif.)-based Wine Market Report. “We are at the leading edge of a big [export] wave that will hit worldwide markets.”
Leading the charge is the next generation of Italian wine growers. They are adopting new cultivation techniques, blending local grapes with better-known varietals, and tapping the expertise of leading enologists worldwide. “[Italy’s] image in the 1970s in Bordeaux was “last in the class”, recalls Marco Pallanti, partner and winemaker at award-winning Chianti maker Castello di Ama, who made several pilgrimages to France during the 1980s to study with French masters.
Wielding Bordeaux’s vaunted techniques, Pallanti replanted 50,000 vines and invested in new equipment, such as stainless-steel, temperature-controlled fermentation tanks and French oak barrels for aging. Now, Castello di Ama, with $3.5 million in annual sales and located near Radda, exports 40% of its annual 300,000-bottle output. Pallanti’s full-bodied Chiantis and merlots retail for up to $150 a bottle in the U.S.
Not even nature can shorten this winning streak. Italian wines should continue to make inroads into foreign markets, particularly the U.S., where distributors and restaurants are enthusiastic about their value compared with increasingly expensive California wines.
Sensing opportunity, deep-pocketed U.S. producers are muscling in on the Italian wine landscape. Both Robert Mondavi Corp. and Kendall-Jackson Wines Estates Ltd. have acquired vineyards in Tuscany. But don’t expect the Italians to yield easily. The new generation of winemakers has only just begun savouring its success – and it is aiming higher. “France started making wine 200 years ago and arrived at the top. But I don’t believe France is the best place for making wine,” says Alessio Planeta, who has boosted exports from his family’s Sicilian winery to 50% of output. A growing number of wine lovers are tipping their glasses in agreement.
3. Find sentences in the text which show that the points below are true:
a) Changing of cultivation techniques in Italy made the country the leading winemaking empire in the world;
b) Italian wine was not so popular because it was not of high quality;
c) The U.S. producers invest in the Italian wineries;
d) Italy sells more wine than other European countries;
e) The wines of Italy are not as expensive as the wines of the New World;
f) The Italian winemakers study the techniques of the winemakers of the other countries.
4. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
a) field hands;
b) to intensify the flavour of the grapes;
c) prizeworthy vintages;
d) to win over skeptics;
e) to enjoy international acclaim;
f) to be at the leading edge of a big wave;
g) to make pilgrimage;
h) winning streak;
i) deep-pocketed producers;
j) to wrest dominance from;
k) once-invincible;
l) at the expense of;
m) to reap the benefits;
n) to muscle in (on the market);
o) to savour success;
p) to arrive at the top;
q) to tip glasses (in agreement).
5. Match the words in the article with their meanings below:
a) to cut with scissors using small, quick strokes;
b) trimming (a tree or bush) by cutting away dead or unwanted branches or stems;
c) a wine of high quality made from the crop of a single specified district in a good year;
d) an establishment where wine is made;
e) to make smarter;
f) (of a person) giving their name to something, (of a thing) named after a particular person;
g) much praised or boasted about;
h) a plantation of grapevines, producing grapes used in winemaking.
6. Find the names of the wine in the text and translate them into Russian.
7. What ways of rendering proper and geographical names did you use when translating the following names in the article:
a) Vincenzo and Girolamo Fazio, Aslain Ducasse, Rich Cartiere, Marco Pallanti, Alessio Planeta;
b) Turin, Trapani, Tuscany, Sicily.
8. Translate the names of organisations and firms into Russian:
a) Fazio Wines, L’Ázienda Agricola Spadafora, Castello di Ama;
b) Robert Modavi Corp., Kendall-Jackson Wines Estates Ltd.
9. Explain the difference between the following words:
a) balk, baulk, hinder;
b) dominate, be in the majority, control, influence, govern, prevail, tyrannize, overshadow, tower over;
c) case, box, casket, chest, container, pack, packaging, suitcase, trunk;
d) blend, fuse, meld, whip, whisk, stir together;
e) yield, crop, produce, harvest, output, product;
f) expensive, costly, dear, high-priced, precious, up-market.
10. Explain the methods of translating numbers and dates from English into Russian.
11. Explain the methods and techniques of translating words of the second language in the text.
12. Find the technical descriptions in the text and explain the methods of translating them.
13. Analyse the grammatical structure of the sentences:
a) Fazio is but one of 16,000 small, family-owned Italian wineries stretching from Turin to Trapani that are helping themselves to a bigger share of the $150 billion global wine market and wresting dominance from the once-invincible French;
b) That’s certainly a milestone worth toasting for Italy’s $9 billion wine industry, which has traditionally emphasized quantity at the expense of quality;
c) Pallanti’s full-bodied Chiantis and merlots retail for up to $150 a bottle in the U.S.;
d) Sensing opportunity, deep-pocketed U.S. producers are muscling in on the Italian wine landscape.
14. Read the following variants of translation and name their strong and weak points:
a) Во главе этого выступают представители нового поколения итальянских винокуров. Они осваивают новые культивационные технологии, смешивают местные сорта винограда с наиболее известными и перехватывают самых знаменитых энологов по всему миру.
b) Представителями атакующих являются молодые итальянские виноделы. Они берут на вооружение новые технологии по выращиванию винограда, скрещивают местные и ведущие сорта и используют знания ведущих энологов мира.
c) Новое поколение итальянских винопроизводителей бросается в бой. Они адаптируют новые методы выращивания винограда, скрещивают наиболее популярные и малоизвестные сорта винного винограда и применяют на практике знания лучших в мире специалистов по вину.
* * *
a) Но не ждите, что итальянцы легко сдадутся. Новое поколение виноделов только начало ощущать вкус успеха - и оно стремится к большeму.
b) Но не ждите, что итальянцы легко уступят. Новое поколение виноделов лишь чуть-чуть вкусило успеха, – а оно намерено насладиться им полностью.
c) Не ожидайте, что молодые итальянские виноделы легко отступятся. Они добились первоначального успеха и хотят закрепить его.
15. Choose the best variant of translation:
а) Чрезвычайно удачный год для итальянских виноделов
b) Итальянское вино пришло и победило
с) Итальянские виноделы торжествуют: их вино - лучшее
d) Триумф итальянских виноделов
e) Италия торжествует
f) Виват, вина Италии!
g) Viva, vino d’Italia!
16. Translate the article from English into Russian in writing.
17. Listen to the tape and put down the main points. Render the information in Russian using your notes.
18. Read the newspaper article given below and render its content in English.
Слишком старое вино