Satellites and Telecommunications
Our world is becoming an increasingly complex place in which, we are very dependent on other people and organizations. An event in some distant part of the globe can rapidly and significantly affect the quality of life in our home country.
This increasing dependence, on both a national and international scale, forced us to create systems that can respond immediately to dangers, enabling appropriate defensive or offensive actions to be taken. These systems are operating all around us in military, civil, commercial and industrial fields.
A worldwide system of satellites has been created and it is possible to transmit signals around the globe by bouncing them from one satellite to an earth station and then to another satellite and soon.
Originally designed to carry voice messages, they are able to carry hundreds of thousands of separate simultaneous calls. These systems are being adopted to provide for business communications, including the transmission of voice and facsimile messages, data and video data.
It is probable that future wide use of satellites in the area of telecommunications will provide a great variety of information services to transmit directly into our homes, possibly including personalized electronic mail. The electronic computer is at the heart of many such systems, but the role of telecommunications is not less important- There will be a further convergence between the technologies of computing and telecommunications. The change of this kind will lead us to the database culture, the cashless society, the office at home, the gigabit-per-second data network.
One cannot doubt that the economic and social impact of these concepts will be very significant. Already, advanced systems of communication are affecting both the layman and the technician.
The new global satellite-communication systems offer three kinds of service.
The first one is voice messages. Satellite telephones are able to make calls from anywhere on the? Earth to anywhere else. That makes them especially useful to use in remote, third-world villages (some of which already use stationary satellite telephones), for explorers. Today's mobile phones depend on earth-bound transmitters, whose technical standards vary from country to country. Satellite telephones can solve this problem, but it is not a cheap service.
The second service is messaging. Satellite messages have the same global coverage as satellite telephones, but carry text alone, which is extremely useful for those with laptop computers. As we see, the Internet works in space too. The only problem for ordinary users is one-way transmissions. This problem is solved by using combine transmissions, when you make a call using land communications and receive ordered information through your satellite plate.
The third service is tracking. Voice and messaging systems also tell their users where they are to within a few hundred meters. Combined with the messaging service, the location service could help rescue teams, to find lost adventurers, the police to find stolen cars, exporters to follow the progress of cargoes and so on. Satellite systems provide better positioning information to anyone who has a receiver for their signals.
Satellite method of communication is the future for all kind of telecommunications.
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3. Найдите и выпишите из текста следующие словосочетания:
жизненный уровень , зависимость , системы быстрого реагирования на опасность, надлежит предпринять, меры защиты или нападения, всемирная система спутников, передачи голосовых сообщений, используются для обеспечения деловых контактов, разнообразие услуг по передаче информации, электронно-вычислительная машина, слияние компьютерных и телекоммуникационных технологий, изменения подобного рода, гигабитные каналы передачи данных.
4. Ответьте на вопросы :
Questions:
1. Can some events in some distant part of the globe rapidly and significantly affect the quality of life in our home country?
2. Why are we forced to create systems that can respond immediately to dangers, enabling appropriate defensive or offensive actions to be taken nowadays?
3. Has a worldwide system of satellites been already created?
4. What does a worldwide system of satellites provide?
5. What services do the new global satellite-communication systems offer?
5. Соедините правую часть предложения с левой, запишите в виде цифры и буквы:
| 1. A worldwide system of satellites has been created and 2. Originally designed to carry voice messages 3. These systems are being adopted to provide for business communications, 4. One cannot doubt 5. Already, advanced systems of communication | a) it is possible to transmit signals around the globe by bouncing them from one satellite to an earth station and then to another satellite and soon. b) that the economic and social impact of these concepts will be very significant c) are affecting both the layman and the technician. d) they are able to carry hundreds of thousands of separate simultaneous calls. e) including the transmission of voice and facsimile messages, data and video data. |
6. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова из рамки:
| the signal , transmitted via satellite, use satellites, 36 000 kilometers , shown on television, telecommunications satellites, satellite links, link their servers, very powerful broadband satellites , printed. |
Where space meets daily life
Today 1)-----------------------are part of our daily lives. Many everyday activities rely on telecommunication satellites that are in orbit, almost 2)-------------------- above our heads.
Did you know that:
· When you listen to the radio, it is very likely that 3)-------------- you are receiving has been distributed from the central studios by satellite?
· Many newspapers and magazines are produced locally but 4)------------ centrally? The content of the paper is sent to the printing plants using 5)_________________.
· Even when news or sports event 6)-------------------- is taking place just a few kilometers away from the studios, it has probably been7)__________________?
· Most news agencies 8)___________ to distribute text, audio and video to their affiliates?
· In many countries, access to the Internet is by satellite communication? Internet service providers often 9) ______________ to the core of the Internet network by satellite. With the emergence of 10)____________________, users – equipped with their own broadband interactive satellite terminals – will get access to the Internet regardless of their distance from the nearest terrestrial node.
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Connecting the world
There are many other ways in which satellites are used, some very specific, such as the communication systems of the national lottery networks in the UK and Spain, retail chains and banks in many parts of the world, remote post offices in small villages, and the control of water, gas or oil pipelines.
Increasingly, satellites are being used for tele-education, telemedicine or videoconference systems. Additionally, in most remote and some not-so-remote parts of the world, satellite communications continue to play a fundamental role in the infrastructure of telephone and other services. Mobile satellite systems, both regional and global, have been conceived to satisfy our demand to be connected at any time and in any place.
Satellite telecommunications can also contribute to the satisfaction of a wide range of institutional requirements: from supporting the development of less favoured regions to the provision of telecommunications or telemedicine services in emergencies or disaster situations.
There are many types of telecommunication satellites, with designs varying according to their purpose. They use different orbits, different frequencies and they transmit very different types of signals using a variety of power levels.
Занятие 75 «Электроэнергетика»
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