4. It’s a dangerous city. People won’t go out after dark because they are afraid of …
5. I don’t like … stupid questions.
6. Few people are prepared to work without … .
| Present Perfect | I have He has been asked We have | Have I Has he been asked? Have we | I have He has not been asked. We have |
| Past Perfect | I He had been asked We | I Had he been asked? We | I He had not been asked. We |
| Future Perfect | I He will have been We asked | I have Will he has been asked? We have | I He’ll have not been asked. We |
8. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they', write a passive sentence:
1. Somebody has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned. 2. They have postponed the concert. The … 3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer … . 4. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn't realize that … 5. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that …………. 6. They are building a new ring road round the city… . 7. They have built a new hospital near the airport. … .
9. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive:
1. There is somebody behind us. (I think/we/follow) I think we're being followed. 2. This room looks different. (you/paint?) … 3. My car has disappeared. (it/steal!) It … 4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take) Somebody … 5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) … 6. Ann can't use her office at the moment. (it/redecorate) … 7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. (it/work/again; it/repair) 8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people/ arrest/last night) 9. A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow down/in the storm) 10. The man next door disappeared six month ago. (nobody/ see/ since then).
10. Turn these sentences into the Passive Voice:
1. Can we receive a single room with a private bath in you hotel? 2. The receptionist asked him to fill in a form in English. 3. The secretary showed Mr. Black into the President’s private room. 4. We must settle the problem in the shortest possible time. 5. They told me they would improve their model. 6. I could not find the book anywhere. 7. They serve breakfast from eight to eleven at this hotel.
Read the text
The rubbish dump in the sky
On 4 October 1957 the first satellite, Sputnik, was launched. Since then, thousands of spacecraft have been sent into space. Every few weeks new satellites are put into orbit. Unfortunately, space is being polluted by debris from these space flights. More than 70,000 objects have been left in space. Parts of rockets have been left. Old satellites have been abandoned. Other items, including a glove, a spanner and a camera, have been lost by astronauts. The situation up there is becoming dangerous. Both Russian and American spacecraft have been damaged. An astronaut would be killed if he or she was hit by a piece of rubbish. It would cost billions of dollars to collect all the debris, but if nothing is done the situation will only get worse. Sooner or later a satellite will be destroyed by a large piece of rubbish and thousands more pieces of debris will be scattered.
Answer these questions:
1. What is it about?
2. How has the situation been created?
3. Why is the situation dangerous?
4. What will happen in the future?
Complete the sentences from the text:
1. On 4 October 1957 the first satellite Sputnik, … . 2. Since then, thousands of spacecraft … into space. 3. Every few weeks new satellites … into orbit. 4. Unfortunately, space … by debris from these space flights. 5. An astronaut … if he or she was hit by a piece of rubbish. 6. Sooner or later a satellite … by a large piece of rubbish.
Word-building
| Suffixes and prefixes | Formation and meaning | Examples |
| -ment,-er(-or),-tion, -ssion,-sion,-ence, -ance,-ing | Formation of the nouns from the verbs | Development, discussion, driver, difference, translation, teacher, reading |
| -teen,-ty | Formation of cardinal numerals | Sixty, eighteen |
| -ive,-al,-ian,-less, -ful,-ic,-y | Formation of the adjectives from the nouns | Effective, woody, official, hopeless, Indian, atomic, beautiful, sandy |
| -ty,-ity,-ness | Formation of the nouns from the adjectives | Safety, happiness, possibility |
| -ship,-ture | Formation of the nouns | Friendship, adventure, mixture |
| -ize | Formation of the verbs from the adjectives | Localize, collectivize, nationalize |
| -ous | Formation of the adjectives | Conscious, various, numerous |
| -iable,-able, -ent,-ant | Formation of the adjectives from the verbs | Measurable, readable, countable, different, resistant |
| -ly | Formation of the adverbs from the adjectives | Properly, naturally, kindly |
| mis-,dis- | These prefixes have the meaning, opposite to the stem | To misunderstand, misfortune, to dislike, to discover |
| over-,under- | The prefix –over means “пере-, сверх”; the prefix –under means “недо-” | To overcome, to underpay, to overwork, to underfeed |
| re- | Prefix of the verbs –re means the recurrence of the actions | To redone, to remake, to rewrite |
1. Form the nouns from the following verbs with the help of the suffixes:
to work, to develop, to agree, to read, to write, to translate, to dictate, to farm, to plant, to buy, to interpret, to differ, to teach, to drive, to collect, to seed, to learn, to discuss, to examine, to contain, to indicate.
2. Name the suffixes in the following words, define the part of speech:
central, personally, experiment, friendship, chemist, document, question, production, conference, practical, computer, early, vacant, attractive, wonderful, student, painter, richly.
3. Group the following words dividing them into: a) nouns, b) adjectives, c) adverbs, d) numerals:
local, writer, clearly, fifth, condition, principal, client, conversation, sensitive, eighteen, fully, comprehensive, conversion, social, porter, session, regional, tractor, cultivation, easily, formally, assistant, speaker, closely.
4. Form the antonyms of the following words, using suffixes:
usual, known, natural, adequate, thinkable, possible, dependence, different, happy, mortal, pretty, well, regular, practical, legal, definite, rational, logical.
5. Form the words, opposite to the meaning, using:
a) prefix dis-
able, comfortable, to connect, to cover, to continue, to like, to place, to please.
b) prefix mis-
to believe, to understand, information, to lead, to manage, to place, to use, to spell.
c) translate the words into Russian.
6. Group the words into synonymous pairs:
various, to start, earth, to return, globe, wood, different, to begin, to produce, major, to name, kind, to come back, to call, to manufacture, forest, chief, species.
7. Group the words into antonymous pairs:
to disappear, to die, without, to break, inside, simple, to stop, decomposer, to live, to decrease, to appear, with, complex, to move, long, outside, composer, to build, to increase, short.