1. What is one of the major achievements of modern physics over the past 20 years?
2. Where do the nuclear force and the weak force make themselves felt?
3. What does the term "nuclear force" imply?
4. What is the weak force responsible for?
5. What is the strong force responsible for?
6. What forces are linked by means of the electroweak theory?
7. What is the exchange particle in the electroweak force?
8. How many bosons does the unified electroweak theory predict?
9. What is the goal of creating a grand unified theory?
• Match each word in column I with its synonym in column II.
I
apparent, to attain, to come about, to designate, familiar, decay, with respect to, ultimately, explicit, to reveal
• Choose the proper word.
II
definite, to name, to show, as regards, finally, evident, to achieve, to happen, disintegration, well-known
1. The strong force (separates/binds together/breaks) the protons and the neutrons in the nucleus.
2. The gauge theory will (designate/reveal/relate) some deep connection between the various forces.
3. In the theory the two forces become mathematically (unified/defined/ intertwined).
4. The theories in this single favored class are formally (designed/ designated/defined) non-Abelian gauge theories with local symmetry.
5. For a local symmetry to be observed this law of physics must retain its ( value/valence/validity).
6. It is hard to imagine a state of matter (immediate/intermediate/internal) between the proton and the neutron.
HOMEWORK
(to be done in writing)
1. Translate into Russian.
Pull of Gravity Reveals Unseen Galaxy Cluster
Now astronomers are taking long strides into the realm (область) of dark matter. The scientists of Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey have discovered a whole new cluster of galaxies and calculated its distance without relying on
its emitted light. Instead they inferred the unseen cluster's existence from the way its gravity rerouted light from more distant galaxies beyond. The research team is one ofscveral to show that the technique, known as gravitational lensing, can be used to map matter in deep space.
Astronomers believe that about 90% of mass in the universe is dark. Telescopes can't see it, but its gravitational pull blows its cover. "Gravity doesn't care whether matter is dark or luminous," scientists say. All you need are background sources of light, which arc all over the sky, and, in principle, you can find all the matter between us and the background sources.
Science (17 August 2001)
2. Translate into English.
1. Желательно, чтобы прибор проверили до эксперимента.
2. Если бы ты присутствовал на лекции вчера, ты бы понял новый матсри&т лучше.
3. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы ты информировал нас о работе каждую неделю.
4. Без атмосферы не было бы жизни.
5. Научный руководитель настаивает, чтобы мы представили работу через неделю.
6. Без электроники и кибернетики мы не могли бы решить многие важные проблемы.
UNIT NINETEEN
GRAMMAR: THE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION
• Sentences to be translated.