2. What will the future of the Universe depend upon according to Scenario 2?
3. Why is Scenario 2 of greater interest to scientists as compared with Scenario 1 ?
4. What do scientists hypothesize concerning the present forms of matter?
HOMEWORK
(to be done in writing)
1. Translate into Russian.
1. In one specific cosmological model, recently proposed by an American physicist Alan Guth, known as the inflationary universe, all of the visible universe and a great deal of space-time beyond it, originated in a tiny bubble in the very early universe.
2. This bubble contained a high level of quantum fields which caused it to undergo an expansion much more rapid than that expected according to
the standard Big Bang theory, where the expansion is influenced only by the presence of subatomic particles.
3. The rapid expansion diluted the material contents of our universe to a very low density, and none ofthe particles present in the universe before this "inflation" began are present today.
4. Instead, the matter in the present Universe was produced by a phase transition at the end ofthe inflation, in which some of the energy that was contained in background fields became converted to particles.
5. Inthc inflationary Universe, space-time beyond the volume of expansion ofthe original bubble would be different from space-time inside it.
6. In this model, the different regions of the Universe arc somewhat like different cultures, developing independently of one another, and unaware of each other's existence.
7. We are presently unaware of conditions beyond our own bubble, because there has not yet been enough time since the beginning of the Universe for any light originating outside to reach us.
8. If the Universe continues to exist indefinitely, we would eventually become aware of these foreign regions of space-time — and find that matter and energy in these regions have very different properties from those familiar to us.
2. Translate into English.
1. Этот журнал содержит ряд статей на данную тему.
2. Если бы вам удалось достать его, мы могли бы получить много ценной информации.
3. Одна из статей даст интересную трактовку (treatment) данной темы.
4. В ней дается обзор (review) данной темы в целом.
5. Я думаю, что эта статья представляет собой ценный вклад в науку.
UNIT EIGHT
GRAMMAR: THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
1.
It is essential desirable doubtful, etc.
2.
The laws of mechanics require suggest
demand propose, etc.
that the distance of each body (should)be related to...
Законы механики требуют, чтобы расстояние каждого тела ... находилось в соответствии с ...
If
Provided
Providing
Supposing
the Moon were one halfit would "]
might I be. could J
Если бы Луна составляла половину то она была бы ...
If it were to + Infinitive = если бы (относится к будущему) If I were to do that, what would you say?
• Read the following extract. Pay attention to the grammar forms in bold type. Translate them into Russian.
1. Now it is essential that astronomers (should) determine the mass of large numbers of other objects in the Universe. There is the Moon, for instance,
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Earth's one satellite, which is 384,00 km from us (1 km is = 5/8 mi) and which circles the Earth once every 27 1/3 days.
More precisely both the Earth and the Moon circle a common center of gravity.
2. The laws of mechanics require that the distance of each body from that center of gravity (should) be related to its mass. In other words, if the Moon were one half as massive as the Earth, it would be two times as far from the center of gravity as the Earth is, if it were one third as massive as the Earth, it would be three times as far; and so on.
After Isaac Asimov. "The Collapsing Universe".
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
Question п. — вопрос, проблема
v. — сомневаться, ставить под вопрос
in question — исследуемый, рассматриваемый
(syn. involved о ко юром идет речь, concerned, in issue, in point)
open to question — сомнительный, спорный
beyond question — вне сомнения
out ofthe question — не может быть и речи
Translate into Russian.
1. The method involved provided them with interesting results.
2. The quantity in question is related to the volume of this container.