System of Education in Russia
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Education in Russia is a set of study programs which are compiled in accordance with the regulations on the state standard of education. However, the system of education in Russia has its special features which we are going to look closer at in this article.
Education in Russia includes several stages:
· Pre-school education
· General secondary education
· Vocational education
· Higher education
Pre-school Education
Pre-school education is a first stage in the system of education which is represented by crèches and kindergartens, less frequently by other educational institutions which look after children and provide education according to pre-school education program. Every parent is ensured with a possibility to send their child to one of these institutions.
Children can start going to crèches when they are 1-year old, and they can stay there until when they are 3 years old. After that, they go to kindergartens. Children complete their education at kindergartens at the age of 6 or 7. In Russia pre-school education is not compulsory, so parents decide if their children will attend a crèche or a kindergarten or they won’t.
Recently there also appeared pre-schools where children can go at the age of 5. There children learn basic reading and writing skills.
General Secondary Education
According to the law of the Russian Federation, general secondary education includes:
· Primary general secondary education (from 6 to 10 years of age, 1-4 grades)
· Basic general secondary education (from 10 to 15 years of age, 5-9 grades)
· Complete general secondary education (from 15 to 17years of age, 10-11 grades)
When a child turns 6 years old, he/she starts obtaining primary general education. Children can go to a school, gymnasium, or lyceum. Gymnasiums and lyceums are different from schools as they provide advanced training, or they introduce additional study subjects which will be useful for the students who are planning to enter higher educational institutions.
After completing primary secondary education, children at the age of 10 undergo basic general education. It lasts for 5 years. After grade 9 students receive certificate of general education which allows them to continue their education at grade 10 at school, gymnasium, or lyceum.
Complete general secondary education is the last stage of general education which lasts for 2 years. Then, at grade 11 students take examinations and receive certificates of complete general secondary education.