1. Psychology as a science
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Psychology, behaviour, emphasize, perceive, conscious, environment, function, structure, approach, thought, scientist, scientific, apply, include, phenomenon, nervous, research, Freud.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Scientific study, cognitive operations, to observe behaviour, to emphasize importance, to use the approach, to influence behaviour, to adapt to environment, abnormal behaviour, stimuli and responses, neurobiological factors, conscious, to observe directly, mental processes.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Изучать поведение, подчеркивать важность, познавательные операции, объяснять поведение, прикладная психология, адаптироваться к окружающей среде, использовать подход, влиять на поведение, сознательное и бессознательное, восприятие, доминировать в психологии, личный рост и развитие, стимулы и реакция, нервная система, включать в себя, испытывать.
4. Finish the phrase.
mental………………. Chinese ……………..
to use ….……………. cognitive……………
to emphasize………… to adapt to ………….
to observe ………….. applied………………
personal ……………… neurobiological ………
stimuli ……………….. to influence…………..
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Observe, develop, behave, psychology, science, aware, history, important, adapt, normal, person, respond, culture, sense, imagine, conscious.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) answer, reaction
b) investigation in order to discover new facts
c) aware, knowing things because one is using the senses and mental powers
d) surroundings, circumstances
e) become aware of, esp. through the eyes or the mind
f) to stress, to show the special value or importance
g) knowledge arranged in an orderly manner
h) act, conduct oneself; show good manners
i) the power of seeing, learning, understanding and knowing; mental ability
j) natural tendency to behave in a certain way without training
k) science, study of the mind and its processes
2. WHAT DO PSYCHOLOGISTS DO?
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Psychologist, person, deal, branch, research, area, result, psychiatry, treatment, cope, adjustment, campaign, reduce, criminal, coach, analyze, analysis, product, commit, consumer, following, advertising.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Different branches, to solve problems, to do research, following areas, to put into practice, to use physical treatment, to develop programmes, to cope with stress, broad area, healthy diet, to reduce crime, to commit a crime, coaches and sportsmen.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Иметь дело с психологией, задавать правильные вопросы, область исследования, применять на практике, патологическое поведение, использовать лекарства, разрабатывать программы, кампании против курения, психические процессы, справляться со стрессами, широкая область, сокращать преступность, совершить преступление, анализировать причины, тренеры и спортсмены, рекламные исследования, принимать участие.
4. Finish the phrase.
to deal with ………………. to solve ……………..
area of …………………….. physical ……………
healthy ……………………. to cope with ……….
architectural ……………… to reduce……………
to analyze …………………. to do market ……….
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Society, different, solve, experiment, treat, normal, follow, profession, health, architecture, reduce, crime, consume, stress.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) social way of living; system of living in organized communities
b) series of planned activities having a definite purpose
c) used in courts and in law
d) offence for which there is severe punishment by law
e) person who uses, buys goods
f) region of the earth surface; scope or range or activity
g) condition causing depression, mental illness, trouble
h) the art and science of the prevention and cure of disease
i) coins stamped on metal or printed on paper and accepted when buying or selling
j) study of the reasons why people buy, or do not buy certain goods
3. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Include, nerve, spinal, majority, neuron, peripheral, leading, autonomic, subdivided, muscle, joint, pressure, process, respiration, activity, digestion.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Nervous system, to contain, to carry out reflexes, spinal cord, subdivided, transmit information, pressure variation, internal organs, respiration, blood circulation, to be asleep.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words.
Coдержать большинство нейронов, спинной мозг, вести от мозга в другие части тела, передавать информацию, заставлять нас чувствовать боль, давление, пищеварение, контролировать деятельность, передавать импульсы, дыхание, внутренние органы.
4. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) greater number or part
b) the process of breathing
c) involuntary response to a stimulation of the nerves
d) going around continuously
e) the part of the body that can produce movements when tightens or loosens
f) pass, send
5. Finish the sentence.
The central nervous system includes……………..
The peripheral nervous system consists of ………………
The peripheral nervous system is subdivided…………….
The nerves of the somatic system transmit ……………..
The nerves of the autonomic system regulate such processes as ………………
The nerves of the autonomic system regulate such processes as ……………
4. THE BRAIN
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Personal, halves, function, blood, oxygen, store, necessary, memory, create, sensory, cell, to process, process, experience, neuron, muscle, liver, theory, previous, kidneys, joint, hemisphere, logic, opposite.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Nervous cells, difficult task, to receive signals, receptor cells, to exist in every part of the body, to process information, to make decisions, to be connected to the muscle, to make sure, main theory, to have fears, previous day, left hemisphere, the opposite is true.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Персональный компьютер, состоять из, нервные клетки, нуждаться в кислороде, на быстрой скорости, существовать в каждой части тела, обрабатывать информацию, принимать решения, быть связанным с мышцей, внутренние органы, главные теории, выразить свои страхи, предыдущий день, разделяться на части, правое полушарие, сильный.
4. Finish the phrase.
to consist of ……………… to store…………
to send …………………… to exist ………….
to pass ………………… left and right ……….
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Person, necessity, inform, electrical, danger, connect, difficult, express, think, biology, analyze, imagine, power, create, art, paint, compose, explore.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) half a sphere
b) fibre carrying impulses of feeling and motion between the brain and the body
c) the mass of soft grey matter in the head, center of nervous system
d) coming earlier in time or order
e) join, to be joined by things or personal relationships
f) power of seeing or imagining, looking ahead, grasping the truth
g) reasonable explanation of facts and events
h) excitement of the mind or the feelings
i) power, act, manner of speaking
j) entirely different, contrary
7. Finish the sentence.
Internal organs are ………
The human brain has 3 main functions: ……………..
The left brain controls ………………………..
5. STRESS AND ANGER
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Magazine, important, avoid, calm, tense, irritated, annoyed, furious, personality, opposite, frustrated, angry.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
To avoid stress, to be relaxed, full of traffic, to get annoyed, irritated, to be under stress, rarely, moody, bad tempered, to have fun.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Усиленно работать, стрессовые ситуации, транспорт, раздраженный, разозлиться, тип личности, вспыльчивый, лучше для здоровья.
4. Decide whether these characteristics belong to a Type A or a Type B according to the information in the passage.
a) is moody h) overworks
b) seldom relaxes i) lives longer
c) is not annoyed by a baby crying j) doesn’t get tense
d) stays calm k) worries a lot
e) gets frustrated in traffic l) doesn’t like waiting
f) enjoys life and work m) is relaxed
g) is usually in a good mood n) is often bad-tempered
5. What would you feel in these situations?
- You have just missed a bus or a train.
- You cannot find something, but you know it’s somewhere in the house.
- You can not sleep because you neighbour is playing very loud music.
- Your friend arrives forty minutes late for dinner.
- You have to work or study on a beautiful sunny day.
- You have to wait in a traffic jam.
- You have nothing at all to do.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) easily made angry, unpleasant
b) question to be solved or decided
c) keep away from, escape
d) tightly stretched or strained
e) having moods that often change
f) not often
g) not excited, untroubled, quiet
6. HYPNOSIS
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Hypnosis, characterize, associate, increase, perception, to breathe, breath, adult, approximately, entertainment, comfortable, suggestion, exaggerate, anxiety, phobia.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Suggestibility, breathing, remain, entertainment, exaggerate, anxiety, treatment, researcher, procedure, anxiety.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Греческое слово, состояние сознания, повышенная внушаемость, физиологические изменения, события, места для развлечения, лечить тревожность, преувеличивать, сочетать с другим лечением, уменьшать боль, медицинские процедуры, приблизительно.
4. Finish the phrase.
state of ……………. physiological …………..
to associate with ………….. hypnotic ……………….
to reduce ……………. to remain ……………..
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Insomnia, perceive, suggest, smoke, hypnosis, approximate, concentrate, entertain, anxious, depress, exaggerate, comfort, treat, medicine.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) state like deep sleep in which one’s acts are controlled by another person
b) very near
c) make smth seem larger, better, worse than it really is
d) emotional condition in which there is fear and uncertainty about the future
e) inability to sleep
f) join together
g) person or animal grown to full size and strength
h) unhealthy, strong fear or dislike
i) make less, smaller in degree, size, number, price
7. Fill in the gaps in the sentences
Hypnosis comes from the …………. word “Hypnos”.
Hypnotic behaviour in entertainment places is ………………….
With the help of hypnosis psychiatrists …………… phobias and depression.
Experimental hypnosis is used by ………………
Hypnosis is always combined with other ……………….
Hypnosis may help smokers to ……… and insomniacs to …………
The hypnotist tells the subject to ……………. on one specific thing.
7. SLEEP AND DREAMS
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Average, phase, quiet, quite, repair, damage, blood, muscle, adapt, nightmare, disorder, frighten, sudden, occur, call, attempt, religious, activity, although.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
On the average, fall asleep, during, to repair the damage, rapid eye-movement, imprint, to depend, insomnia, to waste energy, to be adapted, sleep disorder, nightmare, desire, represent attempt, sudden desire, to consist of vivid images, religious importance, wish fulfillment, to dream in black and white, according to.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Фаза глубокого сна, в среднем, улучшать иммунную систему, бороться с инфекцией, длиться 30 минут, отпечататься в памяти, тратить энергию, нарушения сна, сильное желание, возникать ночью, второе мнение, попытки решить проблемы, состоять из ярких образов, зависеть от сна, ужасное сновидение, прятать.
4. Finish the phrase.
to repair ………….. inactive ……………..
to improve …………. to last ………………
to waste ……………. to suffer from …………
frightening ………… to occur ……………..
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Active, to infect, to move, ecology, order, insomnia, to imagine, to fulfill, aggression, active, to solve, history, dependent, to frighten, religion, important.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) standard level considered ordinary or usual
b) stage of development
c) disturbance of normal working of the body and mind
d) restore something broken or damaged, put right again
e) use without a good purpose
f) happen
g) effort to do something
h) belief, judgement, point of view
i) put or keep out of sight
j) lively, clear, distinct
7. Finish the sentence.
On the average sleep takes …………..
During delta sleep ……………………
There are two theories that explain why …………..
8. DRUGS
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Society, consciousness, influence, modify, tolerance, addiction, substance,
adolescence, frightened, frustrated, pressure, curiosity, however, disease.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Human society, to influence the state of consciousness, to develop tolerance, addiction, to abuse the substance, environmental factors, sudden change, to cope with phobias, out of curiosity, the way out, to destroy personality, to lead to serious diseases.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Состояние сознания, влиять на, подростки, злоупотреблять, из любопытства, психологическая зависимость, изменять восприятие, пристрастие, внезапное изменение, потеря интереса, помочь расслабиться, выход из ситуации, разрушать личность, приводить к серьезным болезням, наследственность.
4. Translate the words that have double consonant letters.
Cigarette, addiction, effect, sudden, aggression, hobby, loss, appetite, college,
stress, pressure,
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Social, to perceive, to tolerate, to depend, to lose, aggressive, environment, to press, danger, personal, order, destruction, to die, to frustrate.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) substance used for medical purposes, either alone or in mixture
b) drink, smoke without being able to stop wanting to
c) suffering of mind and body
d) unexpected
e) tendency to pass characteristics on to offspring (child) from generation to generation
f) eager to know, having or showing too much interest in the affairs of others
h) way of settling difficult problem
7. Translate the text and give its summary.
Different crimes are committed by teenagers are influenced by the specifics of their age, physical and psychological development, as well as their social and legal immaturity. The major threats for “street” children, apart from criminal activity, are drug and tobacco addiction, toxicomania, alcoholism. The government takes measures to prevent juvenile criminality by reforming education and activating social work directed at solving these problems.
9. PERSONALITY. PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Pattern, characterize, difference, biological, genetic, major, influence, fundamental, Vienna, Austria, neurology, pleasure, rational, wrong, below, awareness, desire, anxiety, mechanism, false, cautious, affair, source, shout, acceptable, stomach, ulcer, indigestion.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Pattern of behaviour, human differences, to try to explain, unconscious motivation, life experience, learnt behaviour, basic ways, the way they behave, trait, fundamental blocks, to choose destiny, to determine personality, according to, to seek pleasure, to avoid pain, to replace, to feel anxiety, to fulfill the desire.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Разные теории, развитие личности, быть ответственным за, главный определяющий фактор, черты, выбирать свою судьбу, взрослые пациенты, детский опыт, согласно Фрейду, врожденный, Эдипов комплекс, сильное желание, спрятанная часть, защитный механизм, выполнять желание, социальное табу, придумывать отговорки, платить налоги, осторожный, проецировать чувства, подозревать, первоначальный источник, социально неприемлемый, из-за недостатка контроля, сильная боль в желудке, язва, эмоциональные аспекты болезни, аспекты реальности.
4. Finish the phrase.
pattern of …………. fundamental ……………..
due to ……………… to choose…………………
according to ………… to seek …………………..
resolution of ………….. defense ………………….
to create false ……….. to fulfill …………………..
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Accept, motivate, collect, grow, free, choose, please, real, anxious, protect, defend, pleasant, aggressive, stress, emotion, medicine, pain.
6. Finish the sentence.
- Personality is ………..
- The theories that try to explain personality are ………………..
- Some theories say …………………, the others say ……………..
- Freud’s psychodynamic approach developed as a result of……………
- Id (ego, superego) operates according to ……………
- People may feel anxiety because of conflict ……………
- A defense mechanism is ……………………
- Defense mechanisms are ……………………….
10. BEHAVIOUR APPROACH/ SOCIAL LEARNING APPROACH/
THE TRAIT APPROACH
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Observable, analyze, experience, reward, punishment, term, believe, antisocial, certain, dimension, sociable, fair, efficient, reliable, calm, stability, sophisticated.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Observable behaviour, to analyze behaviour, new experience, reward and punishment, despite changes, to achieve, necessary skills, fearful model, the quality of a model, disposition, set of traits, sociable, even-tempered, fair.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Новый опыт, поощрение, наказание, эффективные пути, отличаться от, несмотря на перемены, имитировать поведение, качество модели, боязненный, необходимые навыки, согласно этой теории, дружелюбный, отношение, общие, появляться в разных ситуациях, измерение, надежный, справедливый, добродушный, утонченный, умный, сочувствующий.
4. Finish the phrase.
to analyze…………… to be based on ………………
despite changes in …………. necessary ……………….
to have stable ……………… dimension of ………………..
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Observe, punish, collect, treat, effect, society, necessity, use, friend, cooperate, talk, agree, stable, rely, sympathy, artist, intelligence.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) the one that can be observed
b) qualities that make up a person’s character
c) able to bring the result, having an effect
d) ability to do something well
e) make or become different
f) to reach the aim
g) compensation for something well done
h) cause suffering or discomfort for doing wrong
i) something that special, that characterizes person or thing
j) showing or expressing kindness
k) person’s natural qualities of mind and character
l) measurement of any sort
m) person more interested in what goes on around him than in his own thoughts and feelings
11. HUMANISTIC APPROACH
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Pessimism, capacity, concept, perception, evaluation, harmony, accurate, hierarchy, satisfy, security, contribute, value, introduce.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Capacity for personal growth, to choose destiny, person-centered approach, to be based on two elements, real self, ideal self, to develop self-concept, according to, to use to the full, hierarchy of motives, belongingness, to value, to fulfill potential, basic needs, complex needs.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Oптимистический ответ, способность к личностному росту, выбирать свою судьбу, самоконцепция, опыт, отличаться от, использовать в полной мере, жить в гармонии, точный, вносить вклад, ценить, основные потребности, каждый уровень, удовлетворить потребности, сложные потребности.
4. Finish the phrase.
capacity for …… to choose………………
to be based on ……………. positive ………………
to live in harmony with ………. hierarchy of …………
to satisfy ………….. optimally functioning ……………….
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
To respond, to grow, capable, able, to differ, to evaluate, to feel, accuracy, secure, contribute, base, important, physiology, health.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) agreement of feelings, interest, opinions; pleasant combination
b) give a person what hw wants or needs
c) something felt to be necessary
d) organization which grades things (people) form the lowest to the highest
e) what happens to a person, the fate
f) exact
g) capacity or power to do something physical or mental
7. Finish the sentence
- The person-centered approach stressed ………….
- The real self is ………………….
- The ideal self is …………………
- Problems begin when …………..
- A Maslow developed ………………………
- According to this theory, lower need must …………..
- When a person satisfies one level ………………
12.PERSONALITY AT 10 IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS IN ADULT LIFE
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Researcher, identify, determine, worry, tendency, disobedient, esteem, quarrel,
income, qualification, divorce, liar, miserable, adult.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
To identify traits, to determine, expectation, to develop into successful adults, to destroy toys, dissatisfied, self-esteem, to avoid quarrels, to hate, low income.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Выявить, определить, вопреки ожиданиям, иметь тенденцию, совершить преступление, принять решение, ломать игрушки непослушные, основать компанию, самооценка, избегать ссоры, страдать от депрессии, развеcтись.
4. Finish the phrase.
to be dissatisfied with ……………. self- ………..
to suffer from ………………… to avoid ………….
to commit ……………….. to listen to …………
poor ……………….. to have low ……….
to make up ……………….. good reading ……….
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Success, research, obedient, satisfy, friend, depress, to lie, to qualify, to live.
6. Fill in the gaps.
Today in Britain there is disagreement over how children (1) ………… be taught to be polite. Should parents force their children to (2) ………… “please” and “thank you”, for instance? Or are (3) ……………. alternative methods they could use? Most parents still (4) ………… that teaching good manners to their children is important. However, it seems ironic that the methods often (5) ………
pleading and threats.
On the (6) …………hand, there are some schools which have completely different attitude. Their philosophy is (7) …………… on the idea that a small child will copy adults. In other (8) …………, adults should (9) ………….. a good example and the children will follow. In addition, adults should (10) ……… more
tolerant. The good manners in Britain today date (11) ……… to the last century when children were considered to be animals (12) ………. needed to be trained before they could be accepted into adult society. Yet, in countries such (13)……
Brazil, children can be seen everywhere with adults and they are not ashamed
(14) ………. their behaviour. So, perhaps if children in Britain were allowed to (15) ………. seen more in public, they (16) ……….. be much better behaved.
INTELLIGENCE
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Verbal, major, separate, unrelated, single, multiple, general, require, core, primary, fluency, spatial, component, mathematical, kinaesthetic, deny.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
Problem-solving skills, core factor, unrelated abilities, general mental energy, specific task, primary abilities, spatial intelligence, to apply to new tasks.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Учиться на опыте, единственный главный фактор, требовать разумного поведения, отрицать существование, беглость, размышление, пространственный интеллект, познавательные умения.
4. Read the following passages and fill in the gaps with the given words.
| work out understand look forward to predict analyse imagine know solve remember forget be aware of concentrate on study pay attention to think about find out dream realize |
One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to (1) ………… the future. In our minds, we can see what has not yet happened. For example, while we are (2) ……………. visiting a new place or country, we imagine what it will be like. We (3) ………… the way people will eat, dress and act. Of course, we do not always predict things correctly. Things are often very different from the way we expect them to be.
One of the most famous dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist Kekule, who had been trying to (4) ………….. a very difficult problem in physics. He had (5) ………… and (6) …………. the problem from every angle for days, but there seem to be no way of (7) ……………. the answer. Then one night he went to bed and (8) ……………. When he woke up, he (9) …………… that he (10) ………. the answer. He had (11) ………. the problem in his dream.
The hypnotist sat in the chair opposite her and spoke softly. “I want you to (12) …………….. my voice. (13) ………… nothing. And as you (14)…………. nothing but my voice. And as you (15) ……………to my voice, your eyes will get heavier and heavier. Soon you will be asleep. You will hear my voice and (16) ……… my words, but your body will be asleep, your eyes are so heavy. You are almost asleep and when you wake up you will (16) ………. nothing. You will (17) ………… everything. Now I am going to count slowly from one to five.”
14. WHICH KIND OF CLEVER IS YOUR CHILD
1. Read and transcribe the following words.
Paul, score, suffer, daughter, prestigious, measure, memorize, phrase, encourage, recite, pattern, equivalence, mathematician, familiar, scissors, supply, various, juniour, gymnastics, mystery, praise, performance, mystery, intelligence, character.
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the words.
IQ score, suffer, exclude, compete, measure, mainly, an early talker, encourage, taxi horns, to recite, recognize, familiar, extra-curricular, category and pattern, good at chess, imaginary words, adventures, superb, rule-governed, supply, scissors, skillfully, gifted, to take apart, to fix, lack, to identify a criminal, no matter what.
3. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.
Целый, счет, страдать, исключить из школы, требовать, завершить подготовку по праву, престижная работа, способность, развивать потенциал, фокусироваться на, одаренный ребенок, внеурочный, запоминать слова, иностранные фразы, узнавать знакомые слова, декламировать стихи, воображаемые миры, хотя, рисовать в перспективе, поощрять дар, снабжать, обращаться с предметами, разбирать на части, использовать способности, персонаж, хвалить ребенка.
4. Finish the phrase.
IQ …………………. to exclude …………..
prestigious ……………….. to measure …………
to focus on ………………. to develop ……………..
to pick up ………………. extra-curricular ………….
imaginary ……………… to fix ……………….
lack of ………………… to join ……………..
5. Give derivatives of the following words.
Gift, qualify, prestige, able, intelligent, space, attentive, encourage, develop, strong, imagine, construct, mathematics, vision, familiar, move, skill, science.
6. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.
a) be without, have less than enough
b) talented
c) immediate understanding of smth without conscious reasoning
d) to show
e) book dealing with the words of a language, arranged in ABC order
f) to repair
g) opportunity
i) having respect that results form good reputation
15. WHAT MAKES ONE PERSON MORE INTELLIGENT THAN THE OTHER?