Английские предлоги, передающие падежные отношения
• Родительный падеж (кого? чего?) — предлог of
Show me the plan of the house.
• Дательный падеж (кому? чему?) — предлог to
Give it to me.
• Винительный падеж (кого? что?) — без предлога
Give me a pen.
• Творительный падеж (кем? чем?) — предлог with обозначает орудие (чем произведено действие)
She was cutting the letter with scissors.
by обозначает деятеля (кто совершил действие)
by my brother
• Предложный падеж (о ком? о чем?) — предлог about
Don’t speak about me.
Упражнение 1 Вставьте предлоги to или of.
1. The young scientist was trying to prove ... the professor the necessity ... the experiment. 2. London is the capital ... Great Britain. 3. The embankments ... the Neva are faced with granite. 4. It is clear ... me that you don't know your lesson. 5. He was devoted ... his friend. 6.1 explained ... the teacher that by the end ... the lesson I had not finished
Упражнение 2 Вставьте предлоги with или by.
1. Не was taken to hospital ... an ambulance. 2. He was treated ... very effective drugs. 3. He was cured ... a very skillful doctor. 4. He wrote his letter ... a pencil. 5. He was scolded ... his mother. 6. The boy cut his finger ... a knife. 7. The boat was carried ... the waves into the open sea. 8. The teacher was pleased ... our work. 9. America was discovered ... Columbus. 10. "Hamlet" was written ... Shakespeare. 11. We eat soup ... a spoon. 12. He was killed... a knife. 13. He was killed ... the robbers. 14. He was knocked down ... a big stick. 15. He was knocked down ... a car.
Запомните употребление предлогов со следующими глаголами и выражениями:
They waited for me. — Они ждали меня.
They looked at me. — Они смотрели на меня.
They spoke to me. — Они говорили со мной.
They listened to me. — Они слушали меня.
They laughed at me. — Они смеялись надо мной.
They complained of illnesses. — Они жаловались на болезни.
They complained about me. — Они жаловались на меня
They were afraid of me. — Они боялись меня.
They answered my question. — Они ответили на мой вопрос.
They entered the room. — Они вошли в комнату.
Complain of - употребляется при жалобах на боли или болезни.
He went to the doctor complaining of difficulty in breathing.
Complain about - в остальных случаях.
They complained bitterly about the injustice of the system
Упражнение 3 Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо.
1. We tried to speak ... him, but he did not want to listen ... us. He did not even look ... us and did not answer ... our questions. 2. Your brother complains ... you. He says you always laugh ... him, never speak ... him and never answer ... his questions.
Обратите внимание на способы перевода русского предлога через:
| через час | in an hour |
| через дорогу | across the road |
| через поле | across the field |
| через лес | through the wood |
| через реку (вброд, вплавь, на лодке) | across the river |
| через реку (по мосту, по воздуху) | over the river |
| через забор | over the fence |
Обратите внимание на способы перевода русского предлога по:
| По улице | along (down) the street |
| По реке | down (up) the river |
| По морю | across the sea |
| По городу | about the town |
| По комнате | about the room |
| По коридору | along the corridor |
| По стране | about the country |
Упражнение 4 Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на способы перевода предлогов через и по.
Пройдите по этому коридору, заверните за угол в конце коридора и войдите в первую комнату. 2. Через пять минут все сидели за столом и слушали бабушку. 3. Он смотрел на лодки, плывущие по реке. 4. В прошлом году мы путешествовали по Европе. 5. Он шел по улице и смотрел на лица прохожих.