Когда . þ еще раньше
October 25, 2020
Past Perfect
had + III ф . (done)
I. Действие, которое закончилось до другого действия или момента в прошлом.
When I came home, Mum had cooked dinner. (я пришел в прошлом, а мама еще раньше приготовила)
By 5 o’clock Mum had cooked dinner. (5 часов – в прошлом, а мама еще раньше приготовила)
КОГДА ? Þ ЕЩЕ РАНЬШЕ
had come came now
____________________I____________I___________________O______________________Þ
5 o’clock
| She had cooked dinner (что сделала?) сов.вид - приготовила | by 5 o’clock. – к 5 часам
by that time. – к тому времени
  by the time I came. (Past Simple)
к тому времени, как я пришел
|
II. Действие, которое началось раньше и продолжалось вплоть до другого действия или момента в прошлом. (если глагол не употребляется в Continuous)
He said he had known her for 5 years.
КОГДА? Þ ЕЩЕ РАНЬШЕ И ТОГДА
had known said now
_______________________________I__________________O______________________Þ
| He said he had known her (что делал?) несов.вид знал | for 5 years. FOR – как долго ? – 5 лет
for ages.
since 2010. SINCE – с каких пор? – с 2010 года.
 since she arrived there.
|
Одноразовое законченное действие → Past Simple
Past Perfect Continuous
had been doing
I. Действие, которое началось раньше и продолжалось вплоть до другого действия или момента в прошлом. (если глагол употребляется в Continuous)
He said it had been raining for 2 days.
КОГДА ? Þ ЕЩЕ РАНЬШЕ И ТОГДА
had been raining said now
_________________________________I__________________O______________________Þ
| He said it had been raining (что делал?) несов.вид шел дождь | for 2 days. FOR – как долго ? – 5 лет for ages. since then. SINCE – с каких пор? – с тех пор. since he arrived there. |
II. Действие, которое длилось какое-то время до другого действия или момента в прошлом, но закончилось до этого другого момента или действия, хотя результаты его («следы») все еще ощущались, были видны.
He looked out. The streets were all wet. It had been raining.
Her hands were dirty. She had been painting.
had been raining looked out now
_________________________________I________________________________________Þ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Look at the following examples and explain the meaning of the verb forms.
1. Mary’s hair was dripping wet. She had been swimming again.
2. She was very tired. She had swum a mile.
3. I didn’t know the city very well. I hadn’t been living there long.
4. Mother was furious. When we finally arrived at the station she had been waiting for 30 minutes.
5. Mike wanted to introduce me to Mr Carlton, but I already knew him, had known him for ages, in fact.
 He said he knew Helen.
|
| Он сказал, что знает Хелен. |
|
| He said he had known Helen. |
| Он сказал, что знал Хелен. |
 I saw him two days ago.
|
| Past Simple |
 She said she had seen him two days before.
|
| Past Perfect |
| ! | lately – в последнее время Þ Perfect last time – в прошлый раз в последний раз: |
1) I saw him last in 2000 / in Paris.
| When Where | did you last see him? |
2) The last time I saw him was in 2000 / in Paris.
| When Where | was the last time you saw him? |