University of Cambridge.
The University of Cambridge is a public research university in Cambridge, England. It is the second oldest university in both England and the English – speaking world, and the seventh-oldest globally. The University grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge that was formed in 1209, early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk. The two “ancient universities” have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other. Academically Cambridge ranks as one of the top universities in the world. Graduates of the University have won a total of 61 Nobel Prizes and academic staff of the University – 52 Nobel Prizes, second most of any academic institution (after Columbia University).
Cambridge is a collegiate university, meaning that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its own property and income. Colleges are responsible for ensuring that lectures are given, arranging seminars, performing research and determining the syllabi for teaching. The colleges are in charge of student accommodation and finding most extracurricular activities. Together with the central administration headed by the Vice-Chancellor, they make up the entire University. All students are attached to a college. Colleges’ importance lies in the housing, welfare, social functions, and undergraduate teaching, they provide. All faculties, departments, research centers and laboratories belong to the university, which arranges lectures and awards degrees. Each college appoints its own teaching staff. Cambridge has 31 colleges of which three admit women only. The other colleges are mixed. In addition to the 31 colleges the University is made up of 150 departments, faculties, schools and other institutions. Members of these are usually also members of one or more of the colleges and responsibility for running the entire academic programme of the university is divided among them.
Cambridge has a lot of research departments. During the 1990s Cambridge added a substantial number of new specialist-research laboratories on several University sites in and around the city. The University is a member of the Russel Group, a network of research-led British universities; the League of European Research Universities; it is also considered part of the “Golden Triangle”, a geographical concentration of UK university research. The University is also closely linked with the development of the high-tech business cluster in and around Cambridge, which form the area known as “Silicon Fen” or sometimes the “Cambridge Phenomenon.”
The principal method of teaching at Cambridge colleges is the supervision. These are typically weekly hour-long sessions in which small groups of students – usually between one and three - meet with a member of the university’s teaching staff or a doctoral student. Students are normally required to complete an essay or assignment in advance of the supervision, which they discuss with the supervisor during the session, along with any difficulties they have had with the material presented in that week’s lectures. Typically, students receive between one and four supervisions per week. However the number of supervisions varies according to subject and college, it can often be the case that a student may receive more supervisions in one college than a student reading the same subject in another college. This teaching system is often cited as being unique to Cambridge and Oxford (where “supervisions” are known as “tutorials”).
The application system to Cambridge and Oxford involves additional requirements, with candidates typically called to face-to-face interviews. How applicants perform in the interview process is an important factor in determining which students are accepted. At least three A-level qualifications are required. Due to a very high proportion of applicants receiving the highest school grades, the interview process is crucial for distinguishing between the most able candidates.
Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний Имеют много общего; под руководством; соперничают друг с другом с давних времен; самоуправляющиеся и имеющие самостоятельный доход колледжи; отвечают за выполнение исследований; определяют учебные программы и расписание; присуждают степени; еженедельные практические занятия с преподавателем (тьютором); требуется выполнить задание заранее перед практическим занятием; также тесно связан с; дополнительные требования; собеседование имеет решающее значение; абитуриент; учебное заведение; обучение под руководством преподавателя (тьютора).